حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ الْقَاضِي حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ الْقَاضِي الْمَحَامِلِيُّ ، نَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ، نَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ: دِيَةُ الْخَطَأِ أَخْمَاسًا " ، ثُمَّ فَسَّرَهَا كَمَا فَسَّرَهَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَعَلْقَمَةُ عَنْهُ سَوَاءً، فَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا إِرْسَالٌ فَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَبِرَأْيِهِ وَبِفُتْيَاهُ، قَدْ أَخَذَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَخْوَالِهِ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَالأَسْوَدِ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنَيْ يَزِيدَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ أَصْحَابِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ الْقَائِلُ: " إِذَا قُلْتُ لَكُمْ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، فَهُوَ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْهُ، وَإِذَا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ سَمَّيْتُهُ لَكُمْ . وَوَجْهٌ آخَرُ: وَهُوَ أَنَّ الْخَبَرَ الْمَرْفُوعَ الَّذِي فِيهِ ذِكْرُ بَنِي الْمَخَاضِ لا نَعْلَمُهُ، رَوَاهُ إِلا خِشْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنْهُ إِلا زَيْدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْمَلٍ الْجُشَمِيُّ، وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ لا يَحْتَجُّونَ بِخَبَرٍ يَنْفَرِدُ بِرِوَايَتِهِ رَجُلٌ غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفٍ، وَإِنَّمَا يَثْبُتُ الْعِلْمُ عِنْدَهُمْ بِالْخَبَرِ إِذَا كَانَ رُوَاتُهُ عَدْلا مَشْهُورًا، أَوْ رَجُلٌ قَدِ ارْتَفَعَ اسْمُ الْجَهَالَةِ عَنْهُ، وَارْتِفَاعُ اسْمِ الْجَهَالَةِ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَرْوِيَ عَنْهُ رَجُلانِ فَصَاعِدًا، فَإِذَا كَانَ هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُ ارْتَفَعَ عَنْهُ اسْمُ الْجَهَالَةِ وَصَارَ حِينَئِذٍ مَعْرُوفًا، فَأَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَرْوِ عَنْهُ إِلا رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ انْفَرَدَ بِخَبَرٍ وَجَبَ التَّوَقُّفُ عَنْ خَبَرِهِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُوَافِقَهُ غَيْرُهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَوَجْهٌ آخَرُ أَنَّ خَبَرَ خِشْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ لا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا رَوَاهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْهُ إِلا حَجَّاجَ بْنَ أَرْطَأَةَ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ فَرَجُلٌ مَشْهُورٌ بِالتَّدْلِيسِ وَبِأَنَّهُ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ مَنْ لَمْ يَلْقَهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ، قَالَ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ الضَّرِيرُ قَالَ لِي حَجَّاجٌ لا يَسْأَلْنِي أَحَدٌ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ، يَعْنِي: إِذَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ فَلا تَسْأَلُونِي مَنْ أَخْبَرَكَ بِهِ، وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ يَوْمًا فَأَمَرَ بِغَلْقِ الْبَابِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ شَيْئًا، وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَلا مِنَ الشَّعْبِيِّ إِلا حَدِيثًا وَاحِدًا، وَلا مِنْ فُلانٍ، وَلا مِنْ فُلانٍ، حَتَّى عَدَّ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ بَضْعَةَ عَشَرَ كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ الْحَجَّاجُ، ثُمَّ زَعَمَ بَعْدَ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَلْقَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُمْ، وَتَرَكَ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَعِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ بَعْدَ أَنْ جَالَسُوهُ وَخَبَّرُوهُ، وَكَفَاكَ بِهِمْ عِلْمًا بِالرِّجَالِ وَنُبْلا، قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ وَسَمِعْتُ كَلامَهُ، فَذَكَرَ شَيْئًا أَنْكَرْتُهُ، فَلَمْ أَحْمِلْ عَنْهُ شَيْئًا، وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ: رَأَيْتُ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ أَرْطَأَةَ بِمَكَّةَ فَلَمْ أَحْمِلْ عَنْهُ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ أَحْمِلْ أَيْضًا عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْهُ كَانَ عَدَّهُ مُضْطَرِبًا، وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ لا يُحْتَجُّ بِحَدِيثِهِ، وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَجَّاجَ، يَقُولُ: لا يَنْبُلُ الرَّجُلُ حَتَّى يَدَعَ الصَّلاةَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ، وَقَالَ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَجَّاجَ، يَقُولُ: أَخْرُجُ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ يُزَاحِمُنِي الْحَمَّالُونَ وَالْبَقَّالُونَ، وَقَالَ جَرِيرٌ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَجَّاجَ، يَقُولُ: أَهْلَكَنِي حُبُّ الْمَالِ وَالشَّرَفِ . وَوَجْهٌ آخَرُ: وَهُوَ أَنَّ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ رَوَوْا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ فَاخْتَلَفُوا عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ، فَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ عَلَى هَذَا اللَّفْظِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا عَنْهُ، وَوَافَقَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، وَخَالَفَهُمَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأُمَوِيُّ وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ فَرَوَاهُ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ خِشْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ ، يَقُولُ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْخَطَأِ أَخْمَاسًا: " عِشْرُونَ جِذَاعًا، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنِي لَبُونٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورٍ "، فَجَعَلَ مَكَانَ الْحِقَاقِ بَنِي لَبُونٍ ."
EnglishUnverified translation
The judge narrated it to us - the judge al-Mahamili narrated it to us, Al-'Abbas ibn Yazid narrated to us, Waki' narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Mansur, from Ibrahim, from 'Abdullah, who said: "The blood-money for manslaughter is in fifths," then he explained it exactly as Abu 'Ubaydah and 'Alqamah explained it on his authority. This report, even though it contains an interruption (irsal), Ibrahim al-Nakha'i is the person most knowledgeable about 'Abdullah, his opinion, and his rulings, having taken this from his maternal uncles 'Alqamah, al-Aswad, and 'Abd al-Rahman - the two sons of Yazid - and others among the senior companions of 'Abdullah. He is the one who said: "When I say to you, 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said,' it is from a group of his companions on his authority, but when I hear it from a single man, I name him to you."
And another point: the elevated (marfu') report which mentions "sons of makhad" - we do not know of anyone who narrated it except Khishf ibn Malik, from Ibn Mas'ud, and he is an unknown man. No one narrated it from him except Zayd ibn Jubayr ibn Harmal al-Jushami. The people of knowledge in hadith do not accept as proof a report narrated solely by a man who is not well-known; rather, knowledge is established for them by a report only when its narrators are either a well-known trustworthy person, or a man from whom the designation of "unknown" has been lifted. The lifting of the designation of "unknown" from him occurs when two or more men narrate from him. When this is his description, the designation of "unknown" is lifted from him and he then becomes known. But as for one from whom only a single man has narrated, being the sole narrator of a report, it is obligatory to withhold judgment regarding that report of his until someone else corroborates him. And Allah knows best.
And another point: regarding the report of Khishf ibn Malik, we do not know that anyone narrated it from Zayd ibn Jubayr on his authority except Hajjaj ibn Artah, and Hajjaj is a man well-known for tadlis (concealment in transmission) and for narrating from those he never met and from those he never heard from. Abu Mu'awiyah al-Darir said: Hajjaj said to me, "Let no one ask me about the report" - meaning: when I narrate something to you, do not ask me who informed you of it. And Yahya ibn Zakariyya ibn Abi Za'idah said: I was with Hajjaj ibn Artah one day, and he ordered the door to be closed, then said: "I did not hear anything from al-Zuhri, and I did not hear from Ibrahim, nor from al-Sha'bi except one hadith, nor from so-and-so, nor from so-and-so" - until he counted seventeen or more than ten, all of whom Hajjaj had narrated from. Then, after narrating from them, he claimed that he had never met them nor heard from them. Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah, Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan, and 'Isa ibn Yunus abandoned narrating from him after having sat with him and come to know him - and that they did so is sufficient proof of their knowledge and excellence regarding men. Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah said: "I visited Hajjaj ibn Artah and heard his speech, and he mentioned something I found objectionable, so I did not carry anything from him." Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan said: "I saw Hajjaj ibn Artah in Makkah, and I did not carry anything from him, nor did I carry anything from a man who narrated from him, whom I considered unreliable (mudtarib)." Yahya ibn Ma'in said: "Hajjaj ibn Artah's hadith is not to be relied upon." 'Abdullah ibn Idris said: "I heard Hajjaj say, 'A man does not attain nobility until he abandons the congregational prayer.'" 'Isa ibn Yunus said: "I heard Hajjaj say, 'I go out to prayer and the porters and greengrocers jostle me.'" Jarir said: "I heard Hajjaj say, 'Love of wealth and status has destroyed me.'"
And another point: a group of trustworthy narrators transmitted this hadith from Hajjaj ibn Artah, but they differed among themselves regarding it. 'Abd al-Rahim ibn Sulayman narrated it from Hajjaj with the wording we have mentioned from him, and 'Abd al-Wahid ibn Ziyad agreed with him on that. But Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Umawi - who is among the trustworthy - differed from both of them, narrating it from Hajjaj, from Zayd ibn Jubayr, from Khishf ibn Malik, who said: I heard 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud say: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled concerning manslaughter that it be in fifths: twenty four-year-old she-camels, twenty five-year-old she-camels giving milk, twenty three-year-old male camels giving milk, twenty two-year-old she-camels, and twenty two-year-old male camels" - placing, in place of the four-year-old camels (hiqaq), the three-year-old male camels giving milk (bani labun).