466 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خُلَيْدٍ قَالَ : نَا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ قَالَ : نَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَلَّامٍ ، يَقُولُ : حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ الْهَوْزَنِيُّ . أَنَّهُ لَقِيَ بِلَالًا مُؤَذِّنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَتَسَوَّكُ بِحَلَبَ قَالَ : فَقُلْتُ : يَا بِلَالُ ، حَدِّثْنِي كَيْفَ كَانَ مِهْنَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ؟ فَقَالَ : مَا كَانَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ ، كُنْتُ أَنَا الَّذِي أَلِي ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ مُنْذُ بَعَثَهُ اللهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - . وَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ الْإِنْسَانُ الْمُسْلِمُ فَرَآهُ عَارِيًا ، يَأْمُرُنِي بِهِ ، فَأَنْطَلِقُ ، وَأَسْتَقْرِضُ فَأَشْتَرِي الْبُرْدَةَ ، فَأَكْسُوهُ ، وَأُطْعِمُهُ ، حَتَّى اعْتَرَضَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، فَقَالَ لِي : يَا بِلَالُ ، إِنَّ عِنْدِي سَعَةً ، فَلَا تَسْتَقْرِضْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا مِنِّي ، فَفَعَلْتُ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ تَوَضَّأْتُ ، ثُمَّ قُمْتُ لِأُؤَذِّنَ لِلصَّلَاةِ ، فَإِذَا الْمُشْرِكُ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ فِي عِصَابَةٍ مِنَ التُّجَّارِ . فَلَمَّا رَآنِي قَالَ : يَا حَبَشِيُّ ، قُلْتُ : لَبَّيْكَ . فَتَجَهَّمَنِي ، وَقَالَ قَوْلًا غَلِيظًا ، فَقَالَ : أَتَدْرِي كَمْ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الشَّهْرِ ؟ قُلْتُ : قَرِيبٌ . قَالَ : إِنَّمَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ أَرْبَعٌ ، فَآخُذُكَ بِالَّذِي لِي عَلَيْكَ ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أُعْطِكَ الَّذِي أَعْطَيْتُكَ مِنْ كَرَامَتِكَ ، وَلَا كَرَامَةِ صَاحِبِكَ عَلَيَّ ، وَلَكِنِّي إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْتُكَ لِآخُذَكَ عَبْدًا ، فَأَرُدَّكَ تَرْعَى لِيَ الْغَنَمَ ، كَمَا كُنْتَ تَرْعَى قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ . [1/148] فَأَخَذَ فِي نَفْسِي مَا يَأْخُذُ فِي أَنْفُسِ النَّاسِ . فَانْطَلَقْتُ ، ثُمَّ أَذَّنْتُ بِالصَّلَاةِ ، حَتَّى إِذَا صَلَّيْتُ الْعَتَمَةَ ، رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى أَهْلِهِ . فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَأَذِنَ لِي . فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ الْمُشْرِكَ الَّذِي كُنْتُ ادَّنْتُ مِنْهُ قَالَ لِي : كَذَا وَكَذَا ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ مَا تَقْضِي ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدِي ، وَهُوَ فَاضِحِي ، فَأْذَنْ لِي أَنْ آتِيَ إِلَى بَعْضِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَحْيَاءِ الَّذِينَ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا حَتَّى يَرْزُقَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ مَا يَقْضِي عَنْهُ . فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ مَنْزِلِي ، فَجَعَلْتُ سَيْفِي وَجِرَابِي وَنَعْلِي عِنْدَ رَأْسِي ، وَاسْتَقْبَلْتُ بِوَجْهِيَ الْأُفُقَ . فَلَمَّا نِمْتُ سَاعَةً انْتَبَهْتُ ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُ عَلَيَّ لَيْلًا نِمْتُ ، حَتَّى انْشَقَّ عَمُودُ الصُّبْحِ الْأَوَّلُ . فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَنْطَلِقَ ، فَإِذَا إِنْسَانٌ يَسْعَى يَدْعُو : يَا بِلَالُ أَجِبْ رَسُولَ اللهِ . فَانْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ ، فَإِذَا أَرْبَعُ رَكَائِبَ مُنَاخَاتٌ ، عَلَيْهِنَّ أَحْمَالُهُنَّ ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ، فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ ، فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : أَبْشِرْ ، فَقَدْ جَاءَكَ اللهُ بِقَضَائِكَ . فَحَمِدْتُ اللهَ . فَقَالَ : " أَلَمْ تَمُرَّ عَلَى الرَّكَائِبِ الْمُنَاخَاتِ الْأَرْبَعِ ؟ " قُلْتُ : بَلَى . فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ لَكَ رِقَابَهُنَّ وَمَا عَلَيْهِنَّ ، فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِنَّ كِسْوَةً ، وَطَعَامًا أَهْدَاهُ إِلَيَّ عَظِيمُ فَدَكَ ، فَاقْبِضْهُنَّ ، ثُمَّ اقْضِ دَيْنَكَ " . فَفَعَلْتُ ، فَحَطَطْتُ عَنْهُنَّ أَحْمَالَهُنَّ ، ثُمَّ عَلَفْتُهُنَّ ، ثُمَّ قُمْتُ إِلَى تَأْذِينِ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ . حَتَّى إِذَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ، خَرَجْتُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ ، فَجَعَلْتُ إِصْبَعَيَّ فِي أُذُنَيَّ ، فَنَادَيْتُ : مَنْ كَانَ يَطْلُبُ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِدَيْنٍ فَلْيَحْضُرْ . فَمَا زِلْتُ أَبِيعُ وَأَقْضِي ، حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - دَيْنٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ ، حَتَّى فَضَلَ فِي يَدِي أُوقِيَّتَانِ ، أَوْ أُوقِيَّةٌ وَنِصْفٌ . ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ عَامَّةُ النَّهَارِ ، وَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَاعِدٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَحْدَهُ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ لِي : " مَا فَعَلَ مَا قِبَلَكَ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ : قَدْ قَضَى اللهُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ شَيْءٌ ، فَقَالَ : " أَفَضَلَ شَيْءٌ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ : نَعَمْ ، فَقَالَ : " انْظُرْ أَنْ تُرِيحَنِي مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ بِدَاخِلٍ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِي حَتَّى [1/149] تُرِيحَنِي مِنْهُ " . فَلَمْ يَأْتِنَا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى أَمْسَيْنَا ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْعَتَمَةَ دَعَانِي فَقَالَ : " مَا فَعَلَ مَا قِبَلَكَ ؟ " قُلْتُ : هُوَ مَعِي لَمْ يَأْتِنَا أَحَدٌ ، فَبَاتَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ ، وَصَلَّى الْيَوْمَ الثَّانِي حَتَّى كَانَ فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ جَاءَهُ رَاكِبَانِ ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ بِهِمَا فَأَطْعَمْتُهُمَا ، وَكَسَوْتُهُمَا ، حَتَّى إِذَا صَلَّى الْعَتَمَةَ دَعَانِي فَقَالَ : " مَا فَعَلَ الَّذِي قِبَلَكَ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ : قَدْ أَرَاحَكَ اللهُ مِنْهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، فَكَبَّرَ ، وَحَمِدَ اللهَ شَفَقًا مِنْ أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَعِنْدَهُ ذَلِكَ . ثُمَّ اتَّبَعْتُهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ أَزْوَاجَهُ ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ امْرَأَةٍ ، حَتَّى أَتَى مَبِيتَهُ ، فَهُوَ الَّذِي سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ ، - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - . لَا يُرْوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ بِلَالٍ إِلَّا بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ ، تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ : مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ .
EnglishUnverified translation
Ahmad ibn Khulayd narrated to us, he said: Abu Tawbah al-Rabi' ibn Nafi' narrated to us, he said: Mu'awiyah ibn Sallam narrated to us, from Zayd ibn Sallam, that he heard Abu Sallam say: Abdullah al-Hawzani narrated to me, that he met Bilal, the caller to prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), using the toothstick in Aleppo. He said: I said: O Bilal, tell me how was the occupation of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)? He said: He had nothing; I was the one who managed that for him since Allah sent him until he died (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). When a Muslim man came to him and he saw him naked, he would order me concerning him, so I would go, borrow, buy a cloak, clothe him and feed him, until a man from the polytheists met me and said to me: O Bilal, I have means, so do not borrow from anyone except from me; so I did. One day I performed ablution, then stood to call the prayer, and the polytheist came with a band of merchants. When he saw me he said: O Abyssinian. I said: At your service. He frowned at me and spoke harsh words, saying: Do you know how long between you and the month? I said: Near. He said: There are only four between you and it, then I will take you for what you owe me, for I did not give you what I gave out of your honor or the honor of your companion to me, but I gave you so that I may take you as a slave and send you back herding sheep for me as you used to herd before. Something entered my soul as enters the souls of people. So I went and called the prayer; when I had prayed the night prayer, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) returned to his family. I asked permission to enter to him and he permitted me. I said: O Messenger of Allah, the polytheist from whom I used to borrow said to me such-and-such, and you have nothing to pay, nor do I, and he will disgrace me; so permit me to go to some of these tribes who have embraced Islam until Allah provides His Messenger with what he pays on his behalf. So I went out until I came to my house, placed my sword, bag and sandals at my head, and faced the horizon with my face. When I slept a while I woke, then night covered me and I slept until the first dawn broke. I wanted to go, when a man came hurrying, calling: O Bilal, answer the Messenger of Allah. So I went until I came to him, and there were four kneeling camels with their loads upon them. I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and asked permission. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to me: "Rejoice, for Allah has brought you your payment." So I praised Allah. He said: "Did you not pass by the four kneeling camels?" I said: Yes. He said: "Their necks and what is upon them are yours; upon them are clothing and food given to me as a gift by the chief of Fadak, so take them, then pay your debt." So I did: I unloaded their loads, fed them, then stood for the dawn call. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had prayed, I went out to al-Baqi', placed my fingers in my ears and called: Whoever claims a debt from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), let him attend. I kept selling and paying until no debt of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) remained on earth, until two ounces or an ounce and a half remained in my hand. Then I went to the mosque when most of the day had gone, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was sitting in the mosque alone. I greeted him and he said to me: "What happened to what was with you?" I said: Allah has paid everything that was upon His Messenger; nothing remains. He said: "Did anything remain?" I said: Yes. He said: "See that you relieve me of it, for I shall not enter upon any of my family until you relieve me of it." No one came to us until evening; when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed the night prayer he called me and said: "What happened to what was with you?" I said: It is with me; no one came to us. So he spent the night in the mosque until morning, and prayed the second day until at the end of the day two riders came; I took them, fed them and clothed them. When he prayed the night prayer he called me and said: "What happened to what was with you?" I said: Allah has relieved you of it, O Messenger of Allah. So he said takbir and praised Allah out of fear that death would overtake him while that was with him. Then I followed him until he came to his wives, greeting each wife until he came to his lodging. This is what you asked me about (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). This hadith is not narrated from Bilal except with this chain; Mu'awiyah ibn Sallam is alone in transmitting it.
