988 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : جَاءَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الزِّبَعْرَى إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ ، تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللهَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ { إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ أَنْتُمْ لَهَا وَارِدُونَ } فَقَدْ عُبِدَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَعُزَيْرٌ وَعِيسَى صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِمْ ، أَوَكُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي النَّارِ مَعَ آلِهَتِنَا ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ { إِنَّ الَّذِينَ سَبَقَتْ لَهُمْ مِنَّا الْحُسْنَى أُولَئِكَ عَنْهَا مُبْعَدُونَ } وَنَزَلَتْ { وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلا إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ } . [3/19] قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ : فَفِي هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ الْأُولَى مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ضَجُّوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَقَالُوا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ مُحْتَجِّينَ عَلَيْهِمْ : فَإِنَّ عِيسَى يُعْبَدُ وَعُزَيْرٌ يُعْبَدُ ، وَمَنْ ذَكَرُوا مَعَهُمَا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ، وَهُمْ مَعَ شِرْكِهِمْ أَهْلُ فَصَاحَةٍ ، لَيْسَ مِمَّنْ يَجْرِي عَلَى أَلْسِنَتِهِمُ اللَّحْنُ فِي كَلَامِهِمْ . وَ ( مَا ) فَإِنَّمَا تُقَالُ لِغَيْرِ بَنِي آدَمَ ، وَيُقَالُ مَكَانَهَا لِبَنِي آدَمَ : ( مَنْ ) ، كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { وَمَنْ يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّي إِلَهٌ مِنْ دُونِهِ } ، { وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَامًا } فِي أَمْثَالِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يُرِيدُ بِهِ بَنِي آدَمَ . وَقَالَ فِي سِوَى بَنِي آدَمَ : { وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ } لِغَيْرِ بَنِي آدَمَ . وَفِيمَا رَوَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَضَفْتُمُوهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَا قَدْ ذَكَرْتُمُوهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ هَذَا الْجِنْسِ ، وَفِي إِحْدَى الْآيَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ تَلَوْتُمُوهَا فِيهِ { إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ أَنْتُمْ لَهَا وَارِدُونَ } أُرِيدَ بِهِ بَنُو آدَمَ . فَكَانَ جَوَابُنَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِتَوْفِيقِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَوْنِهِ أَنَّ ( مَنْ ) وَ ( مَا ) فِي الْأَكْثَرِ مِنْ كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ يَخْرُجَانِ عَلَى مَا ذُكِرَ ، وَقَدْ تَسْتَعْمِلُ الْعَرَبُ أَيْضًا فِي كَلَامِهَا فِي بَنِي آدَمَ ( مَا ) كَمَا تَسْتَعْمِلُ ( مَنْ ) ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا تَسْتَعْمِلُهُ فِيهِمْ كَثِيرًا كَمَا تَسْتَعْمِلُ فِيهِمْ ( مَنْ ) وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ } مَكَانَ " إِلَّا مَنْ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ " . وَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { سَبَّحَ لِلهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ } وَ { يُسَبِّحُ لِلهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ } . وَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ } يَعْنِي آدَمَ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَمَا وَلَدَ . وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْنَا ، وَفِيمَا رَوَيْنَاهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ مَا قَدْ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْقَوْلَ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ الْمُخْتَلَفِ فِيهَا مِنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ } [3/20] بِالْكَسْرِ ، وَ { يَصِدُّونَ } بِالضَّمِّ ، هُوَ كَمَا قَرَأَ مَنْ قَرَأَهَا بِالْكَسْرِ ؛ لِأَنَّ مَنْ قَرَأَهَا بِالضَّمِّ أَرَادَ الصُّدُودَ ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَهَا بِالْكَسْرِ أَرَادَ الضَّجِيجَ . وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ نُزُولُهَا عِنْدَ ضَجِيجِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَمَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْأُولَى مِنَ الْآيَتَيْنِ الْمَذْكُورَتَيْنِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . وَهَذِهِ الْقِرَاءَةُ فِي الْمَعْنَى أَصَحُّ أَيْضًا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ اللُّغَةِ ؛ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ عَلَى الصُّدُودِ لَكَانَتْ "إِذَا قَوْمُكَ عَنْهُ يَصُدُّونَ " كَمِثْلِ مَا قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ } . وَكَمَا قَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ } . وَكَمَا قَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { وَصُدُّوا عَنِ السَّبِيلِ } . وَكَمَا قَالَ : { وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ } .
EnglishUnverified translation
988 - Narrated to us by Ahmad ibn Dawud, narrated to us by Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ar'arah, narrated to us by Yazid ibn Abi Hakim, narrated to us by al-Hakam ibn Aban, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas who said: Abd Allah ibn al-Zib'ara came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: Muhammad, you claim Allah revealed to you this verse: You and what you worship besides Allah are fuel of Hell, you shall enter it. The sun, moon, angels, Uzayr, and Isa, blessings upon them, have been worshipped; are all these in the Fire with our gods? So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: Those for whom good has preceded from Us, those are far removed from it. And there came down: When the son of Maryam is cited as an example, your people laugh at it. Abu Ja'far said: An objector said: In these reports, upon the revelation of the first of these two verses in this hadith, the polytheists clamored and argued to the Muslims: Isa is worshipped, Uzayr is worshipped, and those mentioned with them in this hadith, though with their polytheism they are eloquent, not of those upon whose tongues solecism runs in speech. And (ma) is said only for other than humans, and in its place for humans is said (man), as Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: Whoever of them says: I am a god besides Him, and: Whoever does that shall meet punishment, in likes of that intending humans. And He said for other than humans: What the beast eats except what you slaughter, and what is slaughtered upon altars, for other than humans. In what you narrated attributing to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) what you mentioned in this hadith of this kind, and in one of the two verses you recited in it: You and what you worship besides Allah are fuel of Hell, you shall enter it, humans were intended. Our answer to him, by Allah's guidance and aid, is that (man) and (ma) in most Arab speech occur as mentioned, but Arabs also use (ma) for humans as they use (man), though that is not frequent for them as (man) is for them. From that is the statement of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And chaste women except what your rights possess, in place of except whom your rights possess. And His statement: Whatever is in the heavens and earth glorifies Allah. And His statement: By the father and what he begot, meaning Adam (peace be upon him) and what he begot. In what we mentioned is proof of what we described. In what we narrated in these reports is proof that the view on the disputed reading of the statement of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: When your people laugh at it, with kasr, and laugh, with damm, is as whoever read it with kasr read it; for whoever read it with damm intended turning away, and whoever read it with kasr intended clamor. Its revelation was at the clamor of the polytheists, as this first of the two verses mentioned in this hadith came down. This reading is also sounder in meaning with the people of language; had it been upon turning away it would have been: when your people turn away from him, as Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: Those who disbelieve and bar from the path of Allah, and as He said: Those who disbelieve and barred from the path of Allah, He led their deeds astray, and as He said: And they are barred from the path, and as He said: And they barred you from the Sacred Mosque.