[2/182] 708 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ : { اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ } قَالَ : قَدِ انْشَقَّ . فَكَانَ فِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَحُذَيْفَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَنَسٍ تَحْقِيقُهُمُ انْشِقَاقَ الْقَمَرِ ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ ذَلِكَ ، وَمَعْنَاهُ فِي ذَلِكَ كَمَعْنَاهُمْ فِيهِ ، وَلَا نَعْلَمُ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ فِيهِ ، وَهُمُ الْقُدْوَةُ وَالْحُجَّةُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْهُمْ إِلَّا جَاهِلٌ ، وَلَا يَرْغَبُ عَمَّا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا خَاسِرٌ . وَقَدْ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَدَّعِي التَّأْوِيلَ ، وَيَسْتَعْمِلُ رَأْيَهُ فِيهِ ، وَيَقْتَصِرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، وَيَتْرُكُ ذِكْرَ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ قَبْلَهُ فِيهِ مِنْ صَحَابَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَمِنْ تَابِعِيهِمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَنْشَقَّ ، وَأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَنْشَقُّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَأَنَّ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ اللهِ تَعَالَى : { وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ } إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَلَى صِلَةٍ قَدْ ذُكِرَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي السُّورَةِ الْمَذْكُورِ ذَلِكَ فِيهَا ، وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : [2/183] { يَوْمَ يَدْعُ الدَّاعِ إِلَى شَيْءٍ نُكُرٍ } أَيْ : فَيَنْشَقُّ الْقَمَرُ حِينَئِذٍ ، وَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَذَكَرَ بِجَهْلِهِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ إِلَّا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَوْ كَانَ مِمَّا قَدْ مَضَى كَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ لَتَسَاوَى فِيهِ النَّاسُ ، وَلَمْ يَحْتَجْ إِلَى إِضَافَتِهِ إِلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ دُونَ مَنْ سِوَاهُ ، فَكَفَى بِذَلِكَ جَهْلًا إِذْ كَانَ مَا أَضَافَهُ إِلَى انْفِرَادِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ بِهِ قَدْ شَرِكَهُ فِيهِ خَمْسَةٌ سِوَاهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُمْ فِي الْآثَارِ الَّتِي رَوَيْنَاهَا فِي أَوَّلِ هَذَا الْبَابِ . وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللهِ تَعَالَى : { وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ } إِنَّمَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى مَا ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ صِلَةٌ لَهُ مِمَّا ذَكَرْنَاهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ السُّورَةِ الْمَذْكُورِ ذَلِكَ فِيهَا ، فَإِنَّ فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ تَعَالَى : { وَإِنْ يَرَوْا آيَةً يُعْرِضُوا وَيَقُولُوا سِحْرٌ مُسْتَمِرٌّ } ، دَلِيلًا عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا قَالَهُ فِيهَا ، وَدَلِيلًا عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَعْنِ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ؛ لِأَنَّ الْآيَاتِ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ فِي الدُّنْيَا قَبْلَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى : { وَمَا نُرْسِلُ بِالآيَاتِ إِلا تَخْوِيفًا } وَفِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : { فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ } أَيْ : فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : { فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى حِينٍ } ، وَكَمَا قَالَ : { فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَمَا أَنْتَ بِمَلُومٍ } دَلِيلٌ عَلَى تَمَامِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ ، وَاسْتِقْبَالِ غَيْرِهِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ : { يَوْمَ يَدْعُ الدَّاعِ إِلَى شَيْءٍ نُكُرٍ } مَا هُوَ ظَرْفٌ لِمَا ذَكَرَهُ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ خُرُوجِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَجْدَاثِ { كَأَنَّهُمْ جَرَادٌ مُنْتَشِرٌ } ، وَانْتَفَى أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ صِلَةً لِمَا قَدِ انْقَطَعَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ الَّذِي قَدْ تَقَدَّمَهُ . ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا الشَّاذُّ : وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ - يَعْنِي الَّذِي حَكَاهُ هَذَا الشَّاذُّ عَنْهُ ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ : كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فِلْقَتَيْنِ ، وَحِرَاءٌ بَيْنَهُمَا ، أَيْ : كَأَنِّي أَرَاهُ إِذَا انْشَقَّ كَذَلِكَ ، [2/184] فَكَانَ كَلَامُهُ هَذَا فَاسِدًا ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ نَفَى انْشِقَاقَهُ فِي زَمَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ انْشِقَاقَهُ يَكُونُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ لَا يَرَاهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ حِينَئِذٍ ، قَالَ : وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَرَاهُ حَيْثُ قَالَ : وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَرَاهُ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانِ ، وَقَدْ زَعَمَ هَذَا الشَّاذُّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ فِي الْقِيَامَةِ ، لَا فِي الدُّنْيَا ، وَحِرَاءٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ : جَبَلٌ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى خَبَرًا عَمَّا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ فِيهَا يَوْمَئِذٍ : { وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْجِبَالِ فَقُلْ يَنْسِفُهَا رَبِّي نَسْفًا * فَيَذَرُهَا } الْآيَةَ ، وَقَالَ : { وَيَوْمَ نُسَيِّرُ الْجِبَالَ وَتَرَى الأَرْضَ بَارِزَةً } وَقَالَ : { وَتَكُونُ الْجِبَالُ كَالْعِهْنِ الْمَنْفُوشِ } فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ حِرَاءٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَيْنَ فِلْقَتَيِ الْقَمَرِ ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْ خِلَافِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَالْخُرُوجِ عَنْ مَذَاهِبِهِمْ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَالِاسْتِكْبَارِ عَنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ ، وَمَنِ اسْتَكْبَرَ عَنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ وَعَنْ مَذَاهِبِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَابِعِيهِمْ فِيهِ ، كَانَ حَرِيًّا أَنْ يَمْنَعَهُ اللهُ فَهْمَهُ .
EnglishUnverified translation
708 - Ahmad ibn Dawud narrated to us, Musaddad narrated to us, Yahya ibn Said narrated to us, from Shuba, from Qatada, from Anas: {The Hour drew near and the moon split}. He said: It has split. So in what we mentioned, from Ali, Ibn Masud, Hudhayfa, Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas and Anas, was their affirmation of the splitting of the moon. Of them, one who said in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and of them one who did not say that, while his meaning in that is as their meaning in it. We do not know narrated from anyone of the people of knowledge in that other than what was narrated from them in it. They are the exemplar and proof; none departs from them except an ignorant one, and none turns away from what they were upon except a loser. One who claims interpretation, uses his opinion in it, confines to that, and leaves mention of what those before him in it were upon, of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and their Followers, has claimed it did not split, that it shall only split on Resurrection Day, and that the meaning of Allah the Exalted's statement: {and the moon split} is upon a clause mentioned after that in the sura in which that is mentioned, and it is His Exalted statement: {The Day the caller calls to a terrible thing}, meaning: the moon shall split then, making that of the things that shall be at Resurrection. He mentioned in his ignorance that none narrated it had been except Ibn Masud, and that had it been of what passed as narrated from him, people would be equal in it, and it would not need ascribing to one of them to the exclusion of others. That suffices as ignorance, since what he ascribed to Ibn Masud's solitude in it, five others besides him of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) shared in it, whom we mentioned in the reports we narrated at the beginning of this chapter. As for what he mentioned, that Allah the Exalted's statement: {and the moon split} only refers to what he mentioned as its clause of what we mentioned from him, of the sura in which that is mentioned, then in Allah the Exalted's statement: {And if they see a sign they turn away and say: continuous sorcery}, is proof against what he said in it, and proof it did not mean Resurrection Day thereby, for signs are only in this world before Resurrection, as Allah the Exalted said: {We send signs only as fright}. In His Exalted statement: {So turn away from them}, meaning: turn from them, as the Exalted said: {So turn away from them till a time}, and as He said: {So turn away from them, for you are not blamed}, is proof of the completion of what He mentioned before that, and the beginning of other than it, and it is His statement: {The Day the caller calls to a terrible thing}, which is an adverb for what He mentioned after it, of their exiting graves {as if they were spread locusts}. It is negated that be a clause for the speech cut off which preceded it. Then this eccentric said: The statement of Ibn Masud may bear - meaning what this eccentric related from him, and it is that he mentioned from him that he said: The statement of Ibn Masud may bear: as if I look to it in two halves, with Hira between them, meaning: as if I see it when it splits thus. His speech was corrupt, for he negated its splitting in Ibn Masud's time, and mentioned its splitting shall be after that. If it were as he said, it would be permissible Ibn Masud not see it then. He said: It would be permissible he see it where he said, and permissible he see it in other than that place. This eccentric claimed that shall only be at Resurrection, not in this world, while Hira then is a mountain of the mountains concerning which Allah the Exalted informed of what shall be of them then: {They ask you about mountains, so say: My Lord shall scatter them utterly, and leave them}, to the verse, and said: {And the Day We move mountains and you see earth bare}, and said: {And mountains shall be like carded wool}. How can Hira then be between the two halves of the moon? We seek refuge with Allah from opposing the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and departing from their doctrines, for that is like arrogance toward Allah's Book. Whoever is arrogant toward Allah's Book and toward the doctrines of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and their Followers in it is fit for Allah to bar him its understanding.