حَدَّثَنَا فَهْدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزَّاهِرِيَّةِ ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ لِأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ : إِنَّكَ خَطَبْتَنِي إِلَى أَبَوَيَّ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَأَنْكَحَاكَ ، وَإِنِّي أَخْطُبُكَ إِلَى نَفْسِكَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ ، قَالَ : فَلَا تَنْكِحِي بَعْدِي ، فَخَطَبَهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ ، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ بِالَّذِي كَانَ ، فَقَالَ : عَلَيْكِ بِالصِّيَامِ . [2/123] مَعَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَنَعَ قُتَيْلَةَ هَذِهِ مِنَ التَّزْوِيجِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِمَا أَخْرَجَهَا بِهِ مِمَّا ذَكَرْنَاهُ عَنْهُ ، كَمَا قَدْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ زَنْجُوَيْهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ كِنْدَةَ فَلَمْ يَجْمَعْهَا ، فَتَزَوَّجَتْ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَفَرَّقَ عُمَرُ بَيْنَهُمَا ، وَضَرَبَ زَوْجَهَا فَقَالَتِ : اتَّقِ اللهَ فِيَّ يَا عُمَرُ ، إِنْ كُنْتُ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاضْرِبْ عَلَيَّ الْحِجَابَ وَأَعْطِنِي مِثْلَ مَا تُعْطِيهِنَّ ، قَالَ : أَمَّا هُنَاكَ فَلَا ، قَالَتْ : فَدَعْنِي أَنْكِحُ ، قَالَ : لَا وَلَا نُعْمَةَ ، وَلَا أُطْمِعُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَحَدًا . فَكَانَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَدْ مَنَعَهَا مِنْ تَزْوِيجِ غَيْرِ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ أَنَّ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي كَانَ أَخْرَجَهَا بِهِ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هُوَ ارْتِدَادُهَا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا مَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الدُّخُولِ بِهَا وَالتَّخَيُّرِ لَهَا ؛ لِأَنَّ ارْتِدَادَهَا كَانَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ فِعْلِهَا ، وَالتَّخَيُّرُ لَهَا وَالدُّخُولُ بِهَا لَمْ يَكُونَا مِنْ فِعْلِهَا ، وَأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَخْرَجَهَا بِفِعْلِهَا لَا بِمَا سِوَاهُ ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ مَا قَدْ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ خَالَفَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فِي أَمْرِ عِكْرِمَةَ إِلَّا فِي الْقَتْلِ خَاصَّةً لَا فِيمَا سِوَاهُ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَدَّ ذَلِكَ شُبْهَةً دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَعَذَرَهُ بِهَا ، [2/124] وَدَفَعَ عَنْهُ الْقَتْلَ مِنْ أَجْلِهَا ، لَا أَنَّهُ رَأَى أَنْ يُقِرَّ تِلْكَ الْمَرْأَةَ عِنْدَهُ وَتَكُونَ زَوْجَةً لَهُ ، وَلِذَلِكَ وَجْهٌ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ جَلِيلٌ ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْمَرْأَةَ قَدْ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ ارْتِدَادِهَا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مُسْتَحِقَّةً لِلْأَسْبَابِ الَّتِي يَسْتَحِقُّهَا أَزْوَاجُهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَبَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ ، حَتَّى أَخْرَجَتْ نَفْسَهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِرِدَّتِهَا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَى مَا سِوَاهُ فَبَطَلَتْ بِذَلِكَ حُقُوقُهَا فِيمَا حَاجَّتْ بِهِ عُمَرَ ، وَلَمْ تَبْطُلُ عَنْهَا الْحُقُوقُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ تَرْكِ التَّزْوِيجِ لِغَيْرِ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بَعْدَهُ ، كَالْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي تَنْشُزُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فَتَبْطُلُ حُقُوقُهَا مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ عَلَيْهَا بِالتَّزْوِيجِ الَّذِي بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا ، وَكَذَلِكَ تِلْكَ الْمَرْأَةُ قَدْ كَانَ لَهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِتَزْوِيجِهِ إِيَّاهَا حُقُوقٌ ، وَكَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهَا بِهِ حُقُوقٌ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ مِنْهَا الرِّدَّةُ بَطَلَتْ عَنْهُ بِهَا حُقُوقُهَا عَلَيْهِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَكُونُ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ حَجْبِهَا عَنِ النَّاسِ وَالْإِنْفَاقِ عَلَيْهَا ، وَبَقِيَتْ حُقُوقُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَا كَانَتْ قَبْلَهُ ، وَمِنْهَا أَنَّهَا حَرَامٌ عَلَى النَّاسِ سِوَاهُ . فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ : فَإِنَّا قَدْ رَأَيْنَا النَّاشِزَ إِذَا رَجَعَتْ عَنْ نُشُوزِهَا إِلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَهُ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى حُقُوقِهَا قِبَلَ زَوْجِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ ، وَالْكِنْدِيَّةُ الَّتِي قَدْ ذُكِرَتْ قَدْ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ لِأَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ قَدْ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لَمْ تَرْجِعْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ لَمَا طَلَبَ تَزْوِيجَهَا لِأَنَّ الْمُرْتَدَّةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لِلْمُسْلِمِ ، فَلِمَ لَا رَجَعَتْ إِلَى اسْتِحْقَاقِهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَا يَسْتَحِقُّهُ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِنْ حَجْبِهِنَّ وَالْإِنْفَاقِ عَلَيْهِنَّ ؟ فَكَانَ جَوَابُنَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِتَوْفِيقِ اللهِ وَعَوْنِهِ : أَنَّ النَّاشِزَ إِذَا عَادَتْ غَيْرَ نَاشِزٍ اسْتَحَقَّتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا مَا ذَكَرْتَ ، وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الْكِنْدِيَّةُ كَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ [2/125] لَمَّا كَانَ مِنْهَا الِارْتِدَادُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ كَانَتْ فِي حَالِهَا تِلْكَ مِمَّنْ قَدْ مَنَعَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى دُخُولَ الْجَنَّةِ ، وَلَمْ يَصْلُحْ لَهَا مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أُمًّا ، وَحُقُوقُ الْأُمُومَةِ لَا تَرْجِعُ بَعْدَ زَوَالِهَا ، وَإِذَا لَمْ تَرْجِعْ بَعْدَ زَوَالِهَا لَمْ تَرْجِعِ الْكِنْدِيَّةُ الَّتِي ذُكِرَتْ إِلَى أَنْ تَكُونَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أُمًّا ، وَإِذَا لَمْ تَرْجِعْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أُمًّا لَمْ تَسْتَحِقَّ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ نَفَقَةً كَمَا يَسْتَحِقُّ مِثْلَهَا سَائِرُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأُمُومَتِهِنَّ إِيَّاهُمْ ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ .
EnglishUnverified translation
Fahd narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Salih narrated to us, Muawiya ibn Salih narrated to us, from Abi az-Zahiriyya, from Jubayr ibn Nufayr, from Umm ad-Darda that she said to Abu ad-Darda at death: You betrothed me to my parents in this world and they married me to you, and I betroth you to yourself in the Hereafter. He said: Then do not marry after me, so Muawiya betrothed her, so she informed him of what had been, so he said: Upon you is fasting. Besides that it has been narrated from Umar that he prevented this Qutayla from marrying, though he had removed her from the wives of the Prophet, upon him be peace, by what he removed her by of what we mentioned from him, as Muhammad ibn Abdulmalik ibn Zanjawayh mentioned from him, from Abdurrazzaq, from Ibn Jurayj, from Ibn Abi Mulayka that he informed him, and Amr ibn Dinar, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had married a woman of Kinda and did not consummate with her, then she married after the Prophet, upon him be peace, so Umar separated between them and beat her husband. So she said: Fear Allah concerning me, O Umar, if I am of the Mothers of the Believers then cast the veil upon me and give me like what you give them. He said: As for there, no. She said: Then let me marry. He said: No, nor any favor, nor do I give hope in that to anyone. So in this hadith is that Umar, though he had removed her from the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), yet prevented her from marrying other than the Prophet, upon him be peace. And in that is proof that the meaning by which he removed her from the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was her apostasy from Islam, not what is besides it of consummation with her and choice for her, because her apostasy was from Islam of her own deed, while choice for her and consummation with her were not of her deed, and that he only removed her by her deed, not by what is besides it. And in that is what indicated that he had not opposed Abu Bakr in the affair of Ikrima except in killing specifically, not in what is besides it, because he counted that a doubt that entered upon him, so he excused him by it and warded off killing from him because of it, not that he saw to affirm that woman with him and that she be a wife to him. And for that is a weighty aspect of knowledge, and it is that that woman had been before her apostasy from Islam of the wives of the Prophet, upon him be peace, deserving of the means which his wives deserve in his life and after his death, until she removed herself from that by her apostasy from Islam to what is besides it, so her rights were thereby nullified in what she argued with Umar about, while the rights that were upon her were not nullified, of leaving marriage to other than the Prophet, upon him be peace, after him, like the woman who is recalcitrant toward her husband, so her rights of maintenance upon her by the marriage between him and her are nullified. And likewise that woman, there was for her upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) by his marrying her rights, and there was for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) upon her by it rights, so when apostasy was from her, her rights upon him which would have been for her upon him after his death were nullified by it, had that not been, of veiling her from people and spending upon her, while the rights of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) upon her remained after that as they were before it, among them that she is unlawful to people besides him. If a speaker says: We have seen the recalcitrant woman when she returns from her recalcitrance to what she was upon before it, she returns to her rights toward her husband which were for her upon him, and the Kindiyya mentioned has returned to Islam, for Ikrima had been a Muslim, and had she not returned to Islam he would not have sought to marry her, for the apostate woman is not lawful to the Muslim, so why did she not return after that to deserving what the wives of the Prophet, upon him be peace, deserve, of veiling them and spending upon them? So our answer to him in that, by Allah's success and aid: is that the recalcitrant woman when she returns not recalcitrant deserves upon her husband what you mentioned, while the Kindiyya was not like that, for when apostasy from Islam was from her, she was in that state of those whom Allah the Exalted has barred from entering Paradise, and it was not fit for her with that to be a mother to the Muslims, and the rights of motherhood do not return after their removal, and when they do not return after their removal, the Kindiyya mentioned did not return to being a mother to the Muslims, and when she did not return to being a mother to the Muslims, she did not deserve in their wealth maintenance as the rest of the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) deserve the like of it by their motherhood of them, and with Allah is success.