4979 - وَاحْتَجُّوا فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، قَالَ : ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ ، قَالَا : ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُنْذِرِ مَوْلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُتِيَ بِلِصٍّ اعْتَرَفَ اعْتِرَافًا وَلَمْ يُوجَدْ مَعَهُ الْمَتَاعُ . [3/169] فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا إِخَالُكَ سَرَقْتَ ، قَالَ : بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، فَأَعَادَهَا عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا . قَالَ : بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُطِعَ . ثُمَّ جِيءَ بِهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : قُلْ : أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ . قَالَ : أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ تُبْ عَلَيْهِ . فَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَقْطَعْهُ بِإِقْرَارِهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً حَتَّى أَقَرَّ ثَانِيَةً . فَهَذَا أَوْلَى مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ ؛ لِأَنَّ فِيهِ زِيَادَةً عَلَى مَا فِي الْأَوَّلِ . وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَدْ نَسَخَ الْآخَرَ . فَلَمَّا احْتَمَلَ ذَلِكَ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى النَّظَرِ ، فَوَجَدْنَا السُّنَّةَ قَدْ قَامَتْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمُقِرِّ بِالزِّنَا أَنَّهُ رَدَّهُ أَرْبَعًا ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْجُمْهُ بِإِقْرَارِهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُخْرِجَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ حُكْمِ الْإِقْرَارِ بِحُقُوقِ الْآدَمِيِّينَ الَّتِي يُقْبَلُ فِيهَا الْإِقْرَارُ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً ، وَرَدَّ حُكْمَ الْإِقْرَارِ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى حُكْمِ الشَّهَادَةِ عَلَيْهِ . فَكَمَا كَانَتِ الشَّهَادَةُ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرَ مَقْبُولَةٍ إِلَّا مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ ، فَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلَ الْإِقْرَارَ بِهِ لَا يُوجِبُ الْجَلْدَ إِلَّا بِإِقْرَارِهِ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ . فَثَبَتَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّ حُكْمَ الْإِقْرَارِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ أَيْضًا لِذَلِكَ ، يُرَدُّ إِلَى حُكْمِ الشَّهَادَةِ عَلَيْهَا . فَكَمَا كَانَتِ الشَّهَادَةُ عَلَيْهِ لَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا مِنَ اثْنَيْنِ ، فَكَذَلِكَ الْإِقْرَارُ بِهَا لَا يُقْبَلُ إِلَّا مَرَّتَيْنِ . وَقَدْ رَأَيْنَاهُمْ جَمِيعًا لَمَّا رَوَوْا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمُقِرِّ بِالزِّنَا لَمَّا هَرَبَ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَوْلَا خَلَّيْتُمْ سَبِيلَهُ . فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنَّ رُجُوعَهُ مَقْبُولٌ ، وَاسْتَعْمَلُوا ذَلِكَ فِي سَائِرِ حُدُودِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فَجَعَلُوا مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِهَا ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ قَبْلَ رُجُوعِهِ ، وَلَمْ يَخُصُّوا الزِّنَا بِذَلِكَ دُونَ سَائِرِ حُدُودِ اللهِ . فَكَذَلِكَ لَمَّا جُعِلَ الْإِقْرَارُ فِي الزِّنَا لَا يُقْبَلُ إِلَّا بِعَدَدِ مَا يُقْبَلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْبَيِّنَةِ ثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُقْبَلُ الْإِقْرَارُ بِسَائِرِ حُدُودِ اللهِ إِلَّا بِعَدَدِ مَا يُقْبَلُ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَةِ . فَأَدْخَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي هَذَا عَلَى أَبِي يُوسُفَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ، فَقَالَ : ( لَوْ كَانَ لَا يُقْطَعُ فِي السَّرِقَةِ حَتَّى يُقِرَّ بِهَا سَارِقُهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ لَكَانَ إِذَا أَقَرَّ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ، صَارَ مَا أَقَرَّ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنًا ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ الْقَطْعُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ السَّارِقُ لَا يُقْطَعُ فِيمَا قَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَخْذِهِ إِيَّاهُ دَيْنًا ) . فَكَانَ مِنْ حُجَّتِنَا لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ رَحْمَةُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ لَوْ لَزِمَ ذَلِكَ أَبَا يُوسُفَ فِي السَّرِقَةِ لَلَزِمَ مُحَمَّدًا مِثْلُهُ فِي الزِّنَا أَيْضًا ، إِذْ كَانَ الزَّانِي فِي قَوْلِهِمْ لَا يُحَدُّ فِيمَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ مَهْرًا ، كَمَا لَا يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ فِيمَا قَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنًا . [3/170] فَلَوْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْعِلَّةُ الَّتِي احْتَجَّ بِهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ عَلَى أَبِي يُوسُفَ ، يَجِبُ بِهَا فَسَادُ قَوْلِ أَبِي يُوسُفَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْإِقْرَارِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ لَلَزِمَ مُحَمَّدًا مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فِي الْإِقْرَارِ بِالزِّنَا . وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَقَرَّ بِالزِّنَا مَرَّةً لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ حَدٌّ ، وَقَدْ أَقَرَّ بِوَطْءٍ لَا يُحَدُّ فِيهِ بِذَلِكَ الْإِقْرَارِ ، فَوَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَهْرٌ ، فَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُحَدَّ فِي وَطْءٍ قَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ مَهْرٌ . فَإِذَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ حُجَّةٌ فِي الْإِقْرَارِ بِالزِّنَا ، فَكَذَلِكَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ، لَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ حُجَّةٌ فِي الْإِقْرَارِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ . وَقَدْ رَدَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ عِنْدَهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ .
EnglishUnverified translation
4979 - They argued for that with what Ahmad ibn Dawud narrated to us, saying: Ibrahim ibn al-Hajjaj and Muhammad ibn Awn al-Ziyadi narrated to us, saying: Hammad ibn Salama narrated to us, saying: Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Talha informed me, from Abu al-Mundhir, freedman of Abu Dharr, from Abu Umayya al-Makhzumi, that a thief was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who confessed a confession, with no goods found with him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to him: I do not think you stole. He said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) repeated it to him two or three times. He said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah. So he ordered regarding him and he was cut. Then he was brought, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to him: Say: I seek Allah's forgiveness and repent to Him. He said: I seek Allah's forgiveness and repent to Him. Then he said: O Allah, accept his repentance. So in this hadith, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not cut him for confessing once until he confessed a second time. This is more worthy than the first hadith, because it adds to what is in the first. It is possible that one of them abrogated the other. Since that was possible, we returned to reflection, and we found the Sunna established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) regarding one who confesses adultery, that he turned him away four times, and that he did not stone him for confessing once; and that was removed from the ruling of confession regarding rights of people, in which confession once is accepted, and the ruling of confession in that was referred to the ruling of testimony against him. Just as testimony against him was not accepted except from four, likewise confession of it was made to require flogging only by his confessing four times. Thus it is established that the ruling of confession of theft is likewise referred to the ruling of testimony against it. Just as testimony for it is not valid except from two, likewise confession of it is not accepted except twice. We saw them all, when they narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) regarding one who confessed adultery, when he fled, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Why did you not leave him alone. That, in their view, meant his retraction is accepted; and they applied that in all the hadd punishments of Allah Almighty, making one who confessed them then retracted before it, his retraction accepted, without restricting adultery by that apart from other hadds of Allah. Likewise, when confession in adultery was made acceptable only by the number of witnesses accepted for it, it is established that confession of other hadds of Allah is not accepted except by the number of witnesses accepted for them. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy on him, objected against Abu Yusuf, may Allah have mercy on him, saying: If he is not cut for theft until its thief confesses it twice, then when he confessed the first time, what he confessed became a debt upon him, and cutting would no longer be due after that, since the thief is not cut for what became due upon him as a debt by his taking it. Part of our argument for Abu Yusuf, may Allah's mercy be upon him, was that if that bound Abu Yusuf in theft, the like would bind Muhammad in adultery also, since the adulterer in their saying is not punished with hadd for that in which a dower became due upon him, just as the thief is not cut for what became due upon him as a debt. If this reasoning with which Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy on him, argued against Abu Yusuf, invalidated the saying of Abu Yusuf, may Allah have mercy on him, regarding confession of theft, Muhammad would be bound by the like regarding confession of adultery. That is because when he confessed adultery once, no hadd became due upon him, yet he confessed an intercourse for which he is not punished by that confession, so a dower became due upon him; then he should not be punished for an intercourse in which a dower became due upon him. Since Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, was not bound by that as proof regarding confession of adultery, likewise Abu Yusuf, may Allah have mercy on him, is not bound by that as proof regarding confession of theft. And Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, turned away one who confessed theft before him twice.