4140 - حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ قَالَ : أَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَنَّ مَالِكًا حَدَّثَهُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : مَنْ حُبِسَ دُونَ الْبَيْتِ بِمَرَضٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ . فَلَمَّا وَقَعَ فِي هَذَا ، هَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ ، وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ - يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " مَنْ كُسِرَ أَوْ عَرِجَ فَقَدْ حَلَّ ، وَعَلَيْهِ حَجَّةٌ أُخْرَى " ، ثَبَتَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْإِحْصَارَ يَكُونُ بِالْمَرَضِ ، كَمَا يَكُونُ بِالْعَدُوِّ . فَهَذَا وَجْهُ هَذَا الْبَابِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ تَصْحِيحِ مَعَانِي الْآثَارِ . وَأَمَّا وَجْهُهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ النَّظَرِ ، فَإِنَّا قَدْ رَأَيْنَاهُمْ أَجْمَعُوا أَنَّ إِحْصَارَ الْعَدُوِّ ، يَجِبُ بِهِ لِلْمُحْصَرِ الْإِحْلَالُ كَمَا قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْمَرَضِ ، فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ الْعَدُوِّ فِي ذَلِكَ ، إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ مَنَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُضِيِّ فِي الْحَجِّ ، كَمَا مَنَعَهُ الْعَدُوُّ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : حُكْمُهُ بَائِنٌ مِنْ حُكْمِ الْعَدُوِّ . فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَنْظُرَ مَا أُبِيحَ بِالضَّرُورَةِ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ ، هَلْ يَكُونُ مُبَاحًا بِالضَّرُورَةِ بِالْمَرَضِ أَمْ لَا ؟ فَوَجَدْنَا الرَّجُلَ إِذَا كَانَ يُطِيقُ الْقِيَامَ ، كَانَ فَرْضٌ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَائِمًا ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يَخَافُ إِنْ قَامَ أَنْ يُعَايِنَهُ الْعَدُوُّ فَيَقْتُلَهُ ، أَوْ كَانَ الْعَدُوُّ قَائِمًا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ، فَمَنَعَهُ مِنَ الْقِيَامِ ، فَكُلٌّ قَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ حَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَاعِدًا ، وَسَقَطَ عَنْهُ فَرْضُ الْقِيَامِ . [2/253] وَأَجْمَعُوا أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَوْ أَصَابَهُ مَرَضٌ أَوْ زَمَانَةٌ ، فَمَنَعَهُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْقِيَامِ ، أَنَّهُ قَدْ سَقَطَ عَنْهُ فَرْضُ الْقِيَامِ ، وَحَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَاعِدًا ، يَرْكَعُ وَيَسْجُدُ إِذَا أَطَاقَ ذَلِكَ ، أَوْ يُومِي إِنْ كَانَ لَا يُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ . فَرَأَيْنَا مَا أُبِيحَ لَهُ مِنْ هَذَا بِالضَّرُورَةِ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ ، قَدْ أُبِيحَ لَهُ بِالضَّرُورَةِ مِنَ الْمَرَضِ ، وَرَأَيْنَا الرَّجُلَ إِذَا حَالَ الْعَدُوُّ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمَاءِ ، سَقَطَ عَنْهُ فَرْضُ الْوُضُوءِ ، وَيَتَيَمَّمُ وَيُصَلِّي . فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءُ الَّتِي قَدْ عُذِرَ فِيهَا بِالْعَدُوِّ ، قَدْ عُذِرَ فِيهَا أَيْضًا بِالْمَرَضِ ، وَكَانَ الْحَالُ فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءً . ثُمَّ رَأَيْنَا الْحَاجَّ الْمُحْصَرَ بِالْعَدُوِّ ، قَدْ عُذِرَ فَجُعِلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ مَا جُعِلَ لِلْمُحْصَرِ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ، حَتَّى يَحِلَّ ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْمُحْصَرِ بِالْمَرَضِ . فَالنَّظَرُ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا وَجَبَ لَهُ مِنَ الْعُذْرِ بِالضَّرُورَةِ بِالْعَدُوِّ ، يَجِبُ لَهُ أَيْضًا بِالضَّرُورَةِ بِالْمَرَضِ ، وَيَكُونُ حُكْمُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءً ، كَمَا كَانَ حُكْمُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا سَوَاءً ، فِي الطَّهَارَاتِ ، وَالصَّلَوَاتِ . ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ بَعْدَ هَذَا فِي الْمُحْرِمِ بِعُمْرَةٍ ، يُحْصَرُ بِعَدُوٍّ أَوْ بِمَرَضٍ . فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : يَبْعَثُ بِهَدْيٍ وَيُوَاعِدُهُمْ أَنْ يَنْحَرُوهُ عَنْهُ ، فَإِذَا نَحَرَ حَلَّ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : بَلْ يُقِيمُ عَلَى إِحْرَامِهِ أَبَدًا ، وَلَيْسَ لَهَا وَقْتٌ كَوَقْتِ الْحَجِّ . وَكَانَ مِنَ الْحُجَّةِ لِلَّذِينَ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ مِنْهَا بِالْهَدْيِ ، مَا رَوَيْنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذَا الْبَابِ ، لَمَّا أُحْصِرَ بِعُمْرَةٍ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ، حَصَرَتْهُ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ ، فَنَحَرَ الْهَدْيَ ، وَحَلَّ ، وَلَمْ يَنْتَظِرْ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ عَنْهُ الْإِحْصَارُ ، إِذْ كَانَ لَا وَقْتَ لَهَا كَوَقْتِ الْحَجِّ ، بَلْ جَعَلَ الْعُذْرَ فِي الْإِحْصَارِ بِهَا ، كَالْعُذْرِ فِي الْإِحْصَارِ بِالْحَجِّ . فَثَبَتَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَّ حُكْمَهَا فِي الْإِحْصَارِ فِيهِمَا سَوَاءٌ ، وَأَنَّهُ يَبْعَثُ الْهَدْيَ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ بِهِ مِمَّا أُحْصِرَ بِهِ مِنْهُمَا . إِلَّا أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْعُمْرَةِ قَضَاءَ عُمْرَةٍ ، مَكَانَ عُمْرَتِهِ ، وَعَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَجَّةِ ، حَجَّةً مَكَانَ حَجَّتِهِ وَعُمْرَةً لِإِخْلَالِهِ . وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي الْعُمْرَةِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ الْمُحْرِمُ مُحْصَرًا بِهَا ، مَا قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ . فَهَذَا وَجْهُ هَذَا الْبَابِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْآثَارِ . وَأَمَّا النَّظَرُ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَإِنَّا قَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَشْيَاءَ قَدْ فُرِضَتْ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ ، مِمَّا جُعِلَ لَهَا وَقْتٌ خَاصٌّ ، وَأَشْيَاءَ فُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ، مِمَّا جُعِلَ الدَّهْرُ كُلُّهُ وَقْتًا لَهَا . مِنْهَا الصَّلَوَاتُ ، فُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَوْقَاتٍ خَاصَّةٍ ، تُؤَدَّى فِي تِلْكَ الْأَوْقَاتِ بِأَسْبَابٍ مُتَقَدِّمَةٍ لَهَا ، مِنَ التَّطَهُّرِ بِالْمَاءِ ، وَسَتْرِ الْعَوْرَةِ . وَمِنْهَا الصِّيَامُ فِي كَفَّارَاتِ الظِّهَارِ وَكَفَّارَاتِ الصِّيَامِ ، وَكَفَّارَاتِ الْقَتْلِ ، جُعِلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ ، وَالْقَاتِلِ [2/254] لَا فِي أَيَّامٍ بِعَيْنِهَا ، بَلْ جُعِلَ الدَّهْرُ كُلُّهُ وَقْتًا لَهَا ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ الْيَمِينِ جَعَلَهَا اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى الْحَانِثِ فِي يَمِينِهِ ، وَهِيَ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ . ثُمَّ جَعَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَنْ فُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَوَاتُ بِالْأَسْبَابِ الَّتِي يَتَقَدَّمُ ، وَالْأَسْبَابِ الْمَفْعُولَةِ فِيهَا فِي ذَلِكَ ، عُذْرًا إِذَا مُنِعَ مِنْهُ . فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا جُعِلَ لَهُ فِي عَدَمِ الْمَاءِ ، مِنْ سُقُوطِ الطَّهَارَةِ بِالْمَاءِ وَالتَّيَمُّمِ . وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا جُعِلَ لِلَّذِي مُنِعَ مِنْ سَتْرِ الْعَوْرَةِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَادِيَ الْعَوْرَةِ . وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا جُعِلَ لِمَنْ مُنِعَ مِنَ الْقِبْلَةِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ إِلَى غَيْرِ قِبْلَةٍ . وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا جُعِلَ لِلَّذِي مُنِعَ مِنَ الْقِيَامِ ، أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَاعِدًا ، يَرْكَعُ وَيَسْجُدُ ، فَإِنْ مُنِعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا ، أَوْمَى إِيمَاءً ، فَجُعِلَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ . وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْوَقْتِ مَا قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ عَنْهُ ذَلِكَ الْعُذْرُ ، وَيَعُودَ إِلَى حَالِهِ قَبْلَ الْعُذْرِ ، وَهُوَ فِي الْوَقْتِ ، لَمْ يَفُتْهُ . وَكَذَلِكَ جُعِلَ لِمَنْ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الصَّوْمِ فِي الْكَفَّارَاتِ الَّتِي أَوْجَبَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا الصَّوْمَ ، لِمَرَضٍ حَلَّ بِهِ مِمَّا قَدْ يَجُوزُ بُرْؤُهُ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، وَرُجُوعُهُ إِلَى حَالِ الطَّاقَةِ لِذَلِكَ الصَّوْمِ ، فَجُعِلَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ عُذْرًا فِي إِسْقَاطِ الصَّوْمِ عَنْهُ بِهِ ، وَلَمْ يُمْنَعْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ مَا جُعِلَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ لَا وَقْتَ لَهُ . وَكَذَلِكَ فِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنَ الْإِطْعَامِ فِي الْكَفَّارَاتِ وَالْعِتْقِ فِيهَا ، وَالْكِسْوَةِ ، إِذَا كَانَ الَّذِي فُرِضَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ مُعْدِمًا . وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَجِدَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، فَيَكُونَ قَادِرًا عَلَى مَا أَوْجَبَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، مِنْ غَيْرِ فَوَاتٍ لِوَقْتِ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا كَانَ أُوجِبَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلُهُ فِيهِ . فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءُ يَزُولُ فَرْضُهَا بِالضَّرُورَةِ فِيهَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يَخَافُ فَوْتَ وَقْتِهَا ، فَجُعِلَ ذَلِكَ مَا خِيفَ فَوْتُ وَقْتِهِ ، سَوَاءٌ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ فِي أَوَاخِرِ أَوْقَاتِهَا ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ . فَالنَّظَرُ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَلِكَ الْعُمْرَةُ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا وَقْتَ لَهَا أَنْ يُبَاحَ فِي الضَّرُورَةِ فِيهَا ، مَا يُبَاحُ بِالضَّرُورَةِ فِي غَيْرِهَا ، مِمَّا لَهُ وَقْتٌ مَعْلُومٌ . فَثَبَتَ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا ، قَوْلُ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ الْإِحْصَارُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ ، كَمَا يَكُونُ الْإِحْصَارُ بِالْحَجِّ سَوَاءً . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ رَحِمَهُمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى . ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ النَّاسُ بَعْدَ هَذَا فِي الْمُحْصَرِ إِذَا نَحَرَ هَدْيَهُ ، هَلْ يَحْلِقُ رَأْسَهُ أَمْ لَا ؟ فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ النُّسُكُ كُلُّهُ ، وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ ، أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : بَلْ يَحْلِقُ ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْلِقْ حَلَّ وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ ، أَبُو يُوسُفَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : يَحْلِقُ وَيَجِبُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ ، كَمَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْحَاجِّ وَالْمُعْتَمِرِ . [2/255] فَكَانَ مِنْ حُجَّةِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَمُحَمَّدٍ - رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ - فِي ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ قَدْ سَقَطَ عَنْهُ بِالْإِحْصَارِ ، جَمِيعُ مَنَاسِكِ الْحَجِّ ، مِنَ الطَّوَافِ وَالسَّعْيِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَحِلُّ الْمُحْرِمُ بِهِ مِنْ إِحْرَامِهِ . أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ ، حَلَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ ، فَيَحِلَّ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ الطِّيبُ ، وَاللِّبَاسُ ، وَالنِّسَاءُ . قَالُوا : فَلَمَّا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَفْعَلُهُ ، حَتَّى يَحِلَّ ، فَسَقَطَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ كُلُّهُ بِالْإِحْصَارِ ، سَقَطَ أَيْضًا عَنْهُ سَائِرُ مَا يَحِلُّ بِهِ الْمُحْرِمُ بِسَبَبِ الْإِحْصَارِ ، هَذِهِ حُجَّةٌ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَمُحَمَّدٍ - رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ تَعَالَى - . وَكَانَ مِنْ حُجَّةِ الْآخَرِينَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْأَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَالسَّعْيِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، وَرَمْيِ الْجِمَارِ ، قَدْ صُدَّ عَنْهُ الْمُحْرِمُ ، وَحِيلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ ، فَسَقَطَ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ . وَالْحَلْقُ لَمْ يَحُلْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ ، وَهُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ . فَمَا كَانَ يَصِلُ إِلَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ ، فَحُكْمُهُ فِيهِ فِي حَالِ الْإِحْصَارِ ، كَحُكْمِهِ فِيهِ حَالَ الْإِحْصَارِ . وَمَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ فِي حَالِ الْإِحْصَارِ ، فَهُوَ الَّذِي يَسْقُطُ عَنْهُ بِالْإِحْصَارِ ، فَهُوَ النَّظَرُ عِنْدَنَا . وَإِذَا كَانَ حُكْمُهُ فِي وَقْتِ الْحَلْقِ عَلَيْهِ ، وَهُوَ مُحْصَرٌ ، كَحُكْمِهِ فِي وُجُوبِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْصَرٍ ، كَانَ تَرْكُهُ إِيَّاهُ أَيْضًا وَهُوَ مُحْصَرٌ ، كَتَرْكِهِ إِيَّاهُ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْصَرٍ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مَا قَدْ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ حُكْمَ الْحَلْقِ بَاقٍ عَلَى الْمُحْصَرِينَ ، كَمَا هُوَ عَلَى مَنْ وَصَلَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ .
EnglishUnverified translation
4140 - Yunus narrated to us, he said: Ibn Wahb informed us that Malik narrated to him, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim, from his father, that he said: Whoever is detained short of the House by sickness, he does not release himself until he circumambulates the House and between al-Safa and al-Marwah. So when this disagreement occurred in this, and we narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the hadith of al-Hajjaj ibn Amr, Ibn Abbas, and Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with them, what we mentioned of his statement, meaning the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): Whoever breaks a bone or limps has released himself, and upon him is another hajj, by that it is established that ihsar occurs by sickness as it occurs by the enemy. So this is the aspect of this chapter by way of verifying the meanings of the reports. And as for its aspect by way of examination, we saw them agree that the ihsar of the enemy obligates for the muhsar release as we mentioned. And they differed about sickness: a group said its ruling is the ruling of the enemy in that, when it has prevented him from proceeding in hajj as the enemy prevented him. And others said its ruling is distinct from the ruling of the enemy. So we wanted to examine what is permitted by necessity of the enemy, is it permitted by necessity of sickness or not? We found the man, when he can stand, it is an obligation to pray standing, and if he fears if he stands that the enemy will see him and kill him, or the enemy stands over his head and prevents him from standing, all agree that it has become lawful for him to pray sitting, and the obligation of standing falls from him. And they agreed that if sickness or chronic ailment befalls a man and prevents him from standing, the obligation of standing falls from him, and it becomes lawful for him to pray sitting, bowing and prostrating if he can that, or gesturing if he cannot that. So we saw what is permitted to him of this by necessity of the enemy has been permitted to him by necessity of sickness. And we saw the man, when the enemy comes between him and water, the obligation of ablution falls from him, and he performs tayammum and prays. So these things in which excuse is made by the enemy, excuse is also made in them by sickness, and the state in that is alike. Then we saw the pilgrim muhsar by the enemy excused, so made for him in that to do what is made for the muhsar to do until he releases himself, and they differed about the muhsar by sickness. So the examination upon what we mentioned of that is that what became due to him of excuse by necessity of the enemy becomes due to him also by necessity of sickness, and his ruling in that is alike, as his ruling in that was also alike in purifications and prayers. Then the people differed after this about the one in ihram for umrah detained by enemy or sickness. A group said: He sends a sacrificial animal and appoints them to slaughter it for him; then when it is slaughtered he releases himself. And others said: Rather he remains upon his ihram forever, for it has no time like the time of hajj. And of the proof for those who went to that he releases himself from it by the sacrificial animal was what we narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the beginning of this chapter, when he was detained in umrah at the time of al-Hudaybiyah, the disbelievers of Quraysh detained him, so he sacrificed the sacrificial animal and released himself, and did not wait for the detention to leave him, since it has no time like the time of hajj; rather he made the excuse in detention by it like the excuse in detention by hajj. So by that it is established that its ruling in detention in both is alike, and that he sends the sacrificial animal until he releases himself by it from what he was detained of them both. Except that upon him in umrah is making up an umrah in place of his umrah, and upon him in hajj a hajj in place of his hajj and an umrah for his deficiency. And we narrated in umrah that the one in ihram may be muhsar by it, what preceded in this chapter from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him. So this is the aspect of this chapter by way of reports. And as for the examination in that, we saw things obligated upon servants of what is made for them a specific time, and things obligated upon them of what the whole of time is made a time for them. Of them prayers, obligated upon them in specific times, performed in those times with preceding causes for them, of purification with water and covering nakedness. And of them fasting in expiations of zihar, expiations of fasting, and expiations of killing; that is made upon the one who declares zihar and the killer, not in particular days, but the whole of time is made a time for them. And likewise the expiation of oath, Allah the Mighty and Majestic made it upon the oath-breaker in his oath, which is feeding ten poor, clothing them, or freeing a neck. Then Allah the Mighty and Majestic made one upon whom prayers are obligated, with the causes preceding and the causes done in them in that, an excuse when prevented from them. Of that is what is made for him in lack of water, of the falling of purification with water and tayammum. And of that is what is made for one prevented from covering nakedness, to pray with nakedness exposed. And of that is what is made for one prevented from the qiblah, to pray to other than the qiblah. And of that is what is made for one prevented from standing, to pray sitting, bowing and prostrating; then if prevented from that also, to gesture; so that is made for him. And even if there remains of the time what may allow that excuse to leave him and he return to his state before the excuse while in the time, he is not commanded to wait for that, but commanded to do what is possible for him of what is due upon him in that state, since Allah the Exalted has permitted him that. Then when he does what he was commanded of that, and then the excuse leaves him while he is in the time, he does not repeat. So this and its likes indicate that every duty which has no end to its time but the whole of time is a time for it, then what is made for one prevented from it of its likes by an excuse is permissible in that state as it is permissible in other than it, and it suffices him. So likewise the muhrim for umrah, since the whole of time is the time of its performance, and whatever prevents him of enemy, sickness, or other than that, if that preventer remains with him until he dies, he would die deprived, prevented from what is made obligatory upon him of umrah, and meeting Allah the Exalted while its obligation remains due from him, so he is commanded to do what he can in his state in it to release himself from it as much as possible, and that is slaughtering the sacrificial animal. Then when he does that, he releases himself; then if the preventer leaves him afterwards, upon him is making up what was due upon him of it, as one who misses prayer in its time then makes it up after its time. Likewise hajj, though it has a specific time and specific causes, and some of it is in that time while some is outside that time, and it may be that what is outside that time of it, tayammum and other than it, suffices in it like the prayer whose time has a beginning and end. Then it is more worthy that what of it may suffice after its passing suffice in it, when done after its time has passed out of necessity. So this is the examination in this chapter. Then the people spoke after this about the muhsar, when he slaughters his sacrificial animal, does he shave his head or not? A group said: It is not upon him to shave, because the whole of the rites has gone from him, and of those who said that are Abu Hanifah and Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on them both. And others said: Rather he shaves; then if he does not shave he releases himself and nothing is upon him, and of those who said that is Abu Yusuf, may Allah have mercy on him. And others said: He shaves and that is due upon him, as it is due upon the pilgrim and umrah performer. Of the proof of Abu Hanifah and Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on them both, in that was that there has fallen from him by ihsar all the rites of hajj, of circumambulation, running between al-Safa and al-Marwah, and that is of what the one in ihram releases himself by from his ihram. Do you not see that when he circumambulates the House on the Day of Sacrifice, it becomes lawful for him to shave, so perfume, clothes, and women become lawful for him by that. They said: So since that of what he does until he releases himself, all of that falls from him by ihsar, there also falls from him the rest of what the one in ihram releases himself by, by cause of ihsar. This is a proof for Abu Hanifah and Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on them both. And of the proof of the others upon them both in that was that those things of circumambulation of the House, running between al-Safa and al-Marwah, and stoning the Jamrahs, the one in ihram has been barred from them and come between him and them, so it falls from him to do them. And shaving, none has come between him and it, and he is able to do it. So what he can do, its ruling in it in the state of ihsar is like its ruling in it in the state of non-ihsar. And what he cannot do in the state of ihsar is what falls from him by ihsar. So it is the examination with us. And when his ruling in the time of shaving is upon him while muhsar like its ruling in its obligation upon him while not muhsar, his leaving it while muhsar is also like his leaving it while not muhsar. And there has been narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) what indicates that the ruling of shaving remains upon the muhsars as it is upon one who reaches the House.