4082 - حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ ، قَالَ : ثَنَا الْخَصِيبُ ، قَالَ : ثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، مِثْلَهُ . فَهَذَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يُوجِبُ عَلَى مَنْ قَدَّمَ شَيْئًا مِنْ نُسُكِهِ أَوْ أَخَّرَهُ دَمًا ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ مَنْ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ مَا سُئِلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَنْ شَيْءٍ قُدِّمَ وَلَا أُخِّرَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْحَجِّ إِلَّا قَالَ : " لَا حَرَجَ " . فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُ مَعْنَى الْإِبَاحَةِ فِي تَقْدِيمِ مَا قَدَّمُوا ، وَلَا فِي تَأْخِيرِ مَا أَخَّرُوا مِمَّا ذَكَرْنَا ، إِذْ كَانَ يُوجِبُ فِي ذَلِكَ دَمًا . وَلَكِنْ كَانَ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُ ، عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي فَعَلُوهُ فِي حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، كَانَ عَلَى الْجَهْلِ مِنْهُمْ بِالْحُكْمِ فِيهِ ، كَيْفَ هُوَ ؟ فَعَذَرَهُمْ بِجَهْلِهِمْ ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ فِي الْمُسْتَأْنَفِ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمُوا مَنَاسِكَهُمْ . وَتَكَلَّمَ النَّاسُ بَعْدَ هَذَا فِي الْقَارِنِ إِذَا حَلَقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ . فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ : ( عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ ) وَقَالَ : زُفَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : ( عَلَيْهِ دَمَانِ ) . وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ وَمُحَمَّدٌ رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ : ( لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ) ، وَاحْتَجَّا فِي ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلَّذِينَ سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا قَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي الْآثَارِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ ، وَبِجَوَابِهِ لَهُمْ أَنْ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ . [2/239] وَكَانَ مِنَ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَزُفَرَ رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ ، مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ شَرْحِ مَعَانِي هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ . وَحُجَّةٌ أُخْرَى ، وَهِيَ أَنَّ السَّائِلَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ ، هَلْ كَانَ قَارِنًا أَوْ مُفْرِدًا أَوْ مُتَمَتِّعًا . فَإِنْ كَانَ مُفْرِدًا فَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَزُفَرُ ، لَا يُنْكِرَانِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ دَمٌ ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ الذَّبْحَ الَّذِي قَدَّمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَلْقَ ذَبْحٌ غَيْرُ وَاجِبٍ ، وَلَكِنْ كَانَ أَفْضَلَ لَهُ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ الذَّبْحَ قَبْلَ الْحَلْقِ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ إِذَا قَدَّمَ الْحَلْقَ أَجْزَأَهُ ، وَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ . وَإِنْ كَانَ قَارِنًا ، أَوْ مُتَمَتِّعًا ، فَكَانَ جَوَابٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا . فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي التَّقْدِيمِ فِي الْحَجِّ وَالتَّأْخِيرِ ، أَنَّ فِيهِ دَمًا ، وَأَنَّ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَا حَرَجَ " لَا يَدْفَعُ ذَلِكَ . فَلَمَّا كَانَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ : " لَا حَرَجَ " لَا يَنْفِي عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا وُجُوبَ الدَّمِ ، كَانَ كَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا لَا يَنْفِيهِ ، عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَزُفَرَ ، رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ ، وَكَانَ الْقَارِنُ ذَبْحُهُ ذَبْحٌ وَاجِبٌ عَلَيْهِ ، يَحِلُّ بِهِ . فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَنْظُرَ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي يَحِلُّ بِهَا الْحَاجُّ إِذَا أَخَّرَهَا حَتَّى يَحِلَّ ، كَيْفَ حُكْمُهَا ؟ فَوَجَدْنَا اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ قَالَ : { وَلا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ } ، فَكَانَ الْمُحْصَرُ يَحْلِقُ بَعْدَ بُلُوغِ الْهَدْيِ مَحِلَّهُ ، فَيَحِلُّ بِذَلِكَ ، وَإِنْ حَلَقَ قَبْلَ بُلُوغِهِ مَحِلَّهُ ، وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ ، وَهَذَا إِجْمَاعٌ . فَكَانَ النَّظَرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَلِكَ ، الْقَارِنُ إِذَا قَدَّمَ الْحَلْقَ قَبْلَ الذَّبْحِ ، الَّذِي يَحِلُّ بِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ ، قِيَاسًا وَنَظَرًا عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ . فَبَطَلَ بِهَذَا مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو يُوسُفَ وَمُحَمَّدٌ ، رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ ، وَثَبَتَ مَا قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ، أَوْ مَا قَالَ زُفَرُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ . فَنَظَرْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَإِذَا هَذَا الْقَارِنُ قَدْ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ فِي وَقْتٍ ، الْحَلْقُ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ ، وَهُوَ فِي حُرْمَةِ حَجَّةٍ ، وَفِي حُرْمَةِ عُمْرَةٍ . وَكَانَ الْقَارِنُ مَا أَصَابَ فِي قِرَانِهِ ، مِمَّا لَوْ أَصَابَهُ وَهُوَ فِي حَجَّةٍ مُفْرَدَةٍ ، أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ مُفْرَدَةٍ ، وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ ، فَإِذَا أَصَابَهُ وَهُوَ قَارِنٌ ، وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دَمَانِ ، فَاحْتُمِلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَلْقُهُ أَيْضًا قَبْلَ وَقْتِهِ ، يُوجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضًا دَمَيْنِ ، كَمَا قَالَ زُفَرُ . فَنَظَرْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَوَجَدْنَا الْأَشْيَاءَ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ عَلَى الْقَارِنِ دَمَيْنِ ، فِيمَا أَصَابَ فِي قِرَانِهِ هِيَ الْأَشْيَاءَ الَّتِي لَوْ أَصَابَهَا وَهُوَ فِي حُرْمَةِ حَجَّةٍ ، أَوْ فِي حُرْمَةِ عُمْرَةٍ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ . فَإِذَا أَصَابَهَا فِي حُرْمَتِهِمَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دَمَانِ ، كَالْجِمَاعِ ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ ، وَكَانَ حَلْقُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ ، لَمْ يَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِسَبَبِ الْعُمْرَةِ خَاصَّةً ، وَلَا بِسَبَبِ الْحَجِّ خَاصَّةً ، إِنَّمَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِسَبَبِهِمَا ، وَبِحُرْمَةِ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَهُمَا ، لَا بِحُرْمَةِ الْحَجَّةِ خَاصَّةً ، وَلَا بِحُرْمَةِ الْعُمْرَةِ خَاصَّةً . فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَنْظُرَ فِي حُكْمِ مَا يَجِبُ بِالْجَمْعِ ، هَلْ هُوَ شَيْئَانِ أَوْ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ ؟ فَنَظَرْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَوَجَدْنَا الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَحْرَمَ بِحَجَّةٍ مُفْرَدَةٍ ، أَوْ بِعُمْرَةٍ مُفْرَدَةٍ ، لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ ، وَإِذَا [2/240] جَمَعَهُمَا جَمِيعًا ، وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ لِجَمْعِهِ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِفْرَادِهِ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءُ دَمًا وَاحِدًا . فَالنَّظَرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَلِكَ الْحَلْقُ ، قَبْلَ الذَّبْحِ الَّذِي مَنَعَ مِنْهُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الْعُمْرَةِ وَالْحَجِّ ، فَلَا يَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُمَا ، لَوْ كَانَتْ مُفْرَدَةً أَنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِي يَجِبُ بِهِ فِيهِ دَمٌ وَاحِدٌ . فَيَكُونُ أَصْلُ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْقَارِنِ فِي انْتِهَاكِهِ الْحَرَمَ فِي قِرَانِهِ ، أَنْ نَنْظُرَ فِيمَا كَانَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْحُرُمِ ، تُحَرَّمُ بِالْحَجَّةِ خَاصَّةً ، وَبِالْعُمْرَةِ خَاصَّةً . فَإِذَا جُمِعَتَا جَمِيعًا ، فَتِلْكَ الْحُرْمَةُ مُحَرَّمَةٌ لِشَيْئَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَى مَنِ انْتَهَكَهَا كَفَّارَتَانِ . وَكُلُّ حُرْمَةٍ لَا تُحَرِّمُهَا الْحَجَّةُ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ ، وَلَا الْعُمْرَةُ عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ ، إِنَّمَا يُحَرِّمُهَا الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا ، فَإِذَا انْتُهِكَتْ ، فَعَلَى الَّذِي انْتَهَكَهَا دَمٌ وَاحِدٌ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ انْتَهَكَ حُرْمَةً حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِسَبَبٍ وَاحِدٍ . فَهَذَا هُوَ النَّظَرُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ . كذا في طبعة عالم الكتب ، والذي في النسخ الخطية : ( النبي ) وظاهر أنه الصواب ، والله أعلم.
EnglishUnverified translation
4082 - Nasr ibn Marzuq narrated to us, he said: Al-Khasib narrated to us, he said: Wuhayb narrated to us, from Ayyub, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, the same as it. So this is Ibn Abbas obligating upon one who advances something of his rites or delays it blood, while he is one of those who narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he was not asked on that day about anything advanced or delayed of the matter of hajj except that he said: No harm. So the meaning of that with him was not the meaning of permission in advancing what they advanced, nor in delaying what they delayed of what we mentioned, since he obligated in that blood. But the meaning of that with him was upon that what they did in the hajj of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was upon their ignorance of the ruling in it, how it is. So he excused them for their ignorance, and commanded them in the future to learn their rites. And the people spoke after this about the qarin when he shaves before he sacrifices. Abu Hanifah, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Upon him is blood. And Zufar said: Upon him are two bloods. And Abu Yusuf and Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on them both, said: Nothing is upon him, and they argued in that with the statement of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to those who asked him about that upon what we narrated in the preceding reports, and with his answer to them that there is no harm upon them in that. And of the proof upon them both in that for Abu Hanifah and Zufar, may Allah have mercy on them both, is what we mentioned of explaining the meanings of these reports. And another proof, which is that the asker of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was not known, whether he was a qarin, a mufrid, or a mutamatti. If he was a mufrid, then Abu Hanifah, may Allah have mercy on him, and Zufar do not deny that nothing is due upon him in that, because that sacrifice before which he advanced shaving is a sacrifice not obligatory, but it was better for him to advance sacrifice before shaving, yet when he advances shaving it suffices him, and nothing is upon him. And if he was a qarin or mutamatti, then the answer of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in that was upon what we mentioned. We have mentioned from Ibn Abbas about advancing in hajj and delaying that in it is blood, and that the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): No harm, does not repel that. So since the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in that: No harm, does not negate with Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, the obligation of blood, so likewise it does not negate it with Abu Hanifah and Zufar, may Allah have mercy on them both. And the qarin, his sacrifice is an obligatory sacrifice upon him by which he releases himself. So we wanted to examine the things by which the pilgrim releases himself when he delays them until he releases himself, how is their ruling? We found Allah the Mighty and Majestic said: And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal reaches its place. So the muhsar shaves after the sacrificial animal reaches its place, and releases himself by that, and if he shaves before its reaching its place, blood becomes due upon him, and this is consensus. So the examination upon that is that likewise the qarin, when he advances shaving before the sacrifice by which he releases himself, blood is upon him, by analogy and examination upon what we mentioned of that. So by this what Abu Yusuf and Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on them both, went to is nullified, and what Abu Hanifah, may Allah have mercy on him, said, or what Zufar, may Allah have mercy on him, said, is established. So we examined in that, and this qarin has shaved his head at a time when shaving is prohibited to him, while he is in the sanctity of a hajj and in the sanctity of an umrah. And the qarin, whatever he commits in his qiran of what, had he committed it while in a single hajj or single umrah, blood would be due upon him, then when he commits it while a qarin, two bloods become due upon him, so it bore that his shaving also before its time would obligate upon him two bloods as well, as Zufar said. So we examined in that, and we found the things that obligate upon the qarin two bloods in what he commits in his qiran are the things which, had he committed them while in the sanctity of a hajj or in the sanctity of an umrah, blood would be due upon him. So when he commits them in both their sanctities, two bloods become due upon him, like intercourse and what resembles it. And his shaving before he sacrifices was not prohibited to him by cause of umrah specifically, nor by cause of hajj specifically, rather it became due upon him by cause of both, and by the sanctity of combining them, not by the sanctity of hajj specifically, nor by the sanctity of umrah specifically. So we wanted to examine the ruling of what becomes due by combining, is it two things or one thing? We examined in that, and we found the man, when he enters ihram for a single hajj or single umrah, nothing becomes due upon him, and when he combines them both, there becomes due upon him for his combining them something that would not be due upon him in singling each of them, so that thing was one blood. So the examination upon that is that likewise shaving before sacrifice, which combining umrah and hajj prohibited, while neither of them had it been single would prohibit it, that what becomes due by it in it is one blood. So the basis of what becomes due upon the qarin in his violating the sanctity in his qiran is that we examine what of those sanctities is prohibited by hajj specifically and by umrah specifically. Then when both are combined, that sanctity is prohibited for two different things, so upon one who violates it are two expiations. And every sanctity which hajj alone does not prohibit, nor umrah alone, rather combining them prohibits it, then when it is violated, upon the one who violated it is one blood, because he violated a sanctity prohibited to him by one cause. So this is the examination in this chapter, and it is the statement of Abu Hanifah, and by it we take.