6180 - حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ ، قَالَ : ثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَنَّ مَالِكًا حَدَّثَهُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ ابْتَاعَ مَتَاعًا ، فَأَفْلَسَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ ، وَلَمْ يَقْبِضِ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ شَيْئًا ، فَوَجَدَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ ، فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ ، فَإِنْ مَاتَ الْمُشْتَرِي فَصَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ . قَالُوا : فَقَدْ بَانَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ الْبَاعَةَ لَا غَيْرَهُمْ . فَكَانَ مِنَ الْحُجَّةِ لِلْآخَرِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مُنْقَطِعٌ ، لَا يَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةٌ . فَإِنْ قَالُوا : إِنَّمَا قَبِلْنَاهُ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُنْقَطِعًا ، لِأَنَّهُ بَيَّنَ مَا أَشْكَلَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَّصِلِ . قِيلَ لَهُمْ : قَدْ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَكُمْ - لَمَّا اضْطَرَبَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ هَذَا ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا آخِرًا ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنْهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْنَا أَوَّلًا - إِنْ رَجَعُوا إِلَى حَدِيثِ غَيْرِهِ ، وَهُوَ بَشِيرُ بْنُ نَهِيكٍ ، فَيَجْعَلُونَهُ هُوَ أَصْلَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَيُسْقِطُونَ مَا خَالَفَهُ . وَإِذَا فَعَلْتُمْ ذَلِكَ ، عَادَتِ الْحُجَّةُ الْأُولَى عَلَيْكُمْ ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا ذَلِكَ ، كَانَ لِخَصْمِكُمْ أَيْضًا أَنْ يَقُولَ : هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، فَفَرَّقَ فِيهِ بَيْنَ حُكْمِ التَّفْلِيسِ وَالْمَوْتِ ، هُوَ غَيْرُ الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ ، فَيَكُونُ الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ عِنْدَهُ مُسْتَعْمَلًا مِنْ حَيْثُ تَأَوَّلَهُ ، وَيَكُونُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي حَدِيثًا مُنْقَطِعًا شَاذًّا ، لَا يَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةٌ ، فَيَجِبُ تَرْكُ اسْتِعْمَالِهِ . فَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا هُوَ وَجْهُ الْكَلَامِ فِي الْآثَارِ الْمَرْوِيَّةِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ . وَأَمَّا وَجْهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ النَّظَرِ ، فَإِنَّا رَأَيْنَا الرَّجُلَ إِذَا بَاعَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ شَيْئًا ، كَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَهُ حَتَّى يَنْقُدَهُ الثَّمَنَ . وَإِنْ مَاتَ الْمُشْتَرِي ، وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ، فَالْبَائِعُ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ . فَكَانَ الْبَائِعُ ، مَتَى كَانَ مُحَبِّسًا لِمَا بَاعَ ، حَتَّى مَاتَ الْمُشْتَرِي ، كَانَ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ سَائِرِ غُرَمَاءِ الْمُشْتَرِي . وَمَتَى دَفَعَهُ إِلَى الْمُشْتَرِي وَقَبَضَهُ مِنْهُ ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ ، فَهُوَ وَسَائِرُ الْغُرَمَاءِ فِيهِ ، سَوَاءٌ . فَكَانَ الَّذِي يُوجِبُ لَهُ الِانْفِرَادَ بِثَمَنِهِ ، دُونَ الْغُرَمَاءِ - هُوَ بَقَاؤُهُ فِي يَدِهِ . فَلَمَّا كَانَ مَا وَصَفْنَا كَذَلِكَ ، كَانَ كَذَلِكَ إِفْلَاسُ الْمُشْتَرِي إِذَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ فِي يَدِ الْبَائِعِ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ سَائِرِ غُرَمَاءِ الْمُشْتَرِي . وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ يَدِهِ إِلَى يَدِ الْمُشْتَرِي ، فَهُوَ وَسَائِرُ الْغُرَمَاءِ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ ، فَهَذِهِ حُجَّةٌ صَحِيحَةٌ . وَحُجَّةٌ أُخْرَى : أَنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَقْبِضْهُ الْمُشْتَرِي ، وَقَدْ بَقِيَ لِلْبَائِعِ كُلُّ الثَّمَنِ ، أَوْ نَقَدَهُ بَعْضَ الثَّمَنِ ، وَبَقِيَتْ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُ - أَنَّهُ أَوْلَى بِالْعَبْدِ ، حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ مَا بَقِيَ لَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ . فَكَانَ بِبَقَائِهِ فِي يَدِهِ أَوْلَى بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ كُلُّ الثَّمَنِ أَوْ بَعْضُ الثَّمَنِ ، وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَجَعَلَ حُكْمَهُ حُكْمًا وَاحِدًا . [4/167] فَلَمَّا كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ ، وَأَجْمَعُوا أَنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ إِذَا قَبَضَ الْعَبْدَ وَنَقَدَ الْبَائِعَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ طَائِفَةً ، ثُمَّ أَفْلَسَ الْمُشْتَرِي ، أَنَّ الْبَائِعَ لَا يَكُونُ بِتِلْكَ الطَّائِفَةِ الْبَاقِيَةِ لَهُ أَحَقَّ بِالْعَبْدِ مِنْ سَائِرِ الْغُرَمَاءِ ، بَلْ هُوَ وَهُمْ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ . وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا بَقِيَ لَهُ ثَمَنُهُ كُلُّهُ حَتَّى أَفْلَسَ ، فَلَا يَكُونُ بِذَلِكَ أَحَقَّ بِالْعَبْدِ مِنْ سَائِرِ الْغُرَمَاءِ ، وَيَكُونُ هُوَ وَهُمْ فِيهِ سَوَاءً . فَيَسْتَوِي حُكْمُهُ إِذَا بَقِيَ لَهُ كُلُّ الثَّمَنِ عَلَى الْمُشْتَرِي ، أَوْ بَعْضُ الثَّمَنِ حَتَّى أَفْلَسَ الْمُشْتَرِي ، كَمَا اسْتَوَى بَقَاؤُهُمَا جَمِيعًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ ، حَتَّى كَانَ الْمَوْتُ الَّذِي أَجْمَعُوا فِيهِ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا . فَثَبَتَ بِالنَّظَرِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللهُ .
EnglishUnverified translation
6180 - Yunus narrated to us, he said: Ibn Wahb narrated to us, that Malik narrated to him, from Ibn Shihab, from Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Any man buying goods, then the buyer goes bankrupt, with the seller unpaid anything of its price, and he finds it intact, he is more deserving of it; but if the buyer dies, the goods' owner is equal with the creditors. They said: So by this hadith it became clear that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) only intended in this first hadith the sellers, none else. So among the proof for the others against them is that this hadith is disconnected, no proof stands with its like. So if they say: We only accepted it, though disconnected, because it clarified what was obscure in the connected hadith. It is said to them: You should have - when the hadith of Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd al-Rahman was disturbed, al-Zuhri narrating it from him as we mentioned last, and 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz narrating it from him upon what we described first - returned to another's hadith, namely Bashir ibn Nahik, making it the origin of Abu Hurayrah's hadith, and dropping what contradicts it. And when you do that, the first proof returns upon you; and if you do not do that, your opponent may also say: This hadith which al-Zuhri narrated from Abu Bakr, differentiating therein between the ruling of bankruptcy and death, is other than the first hadith; so the first hadith with him is applied from where he interpreted it, and this second hadith is a disconnected irregular hadith, no proof stands with its like, so abandoning its use is obligatory. So this which we mentioned is the وجه of speech in the reports narrated in this chapter. As for its وجه by reasoning, we saw when a man sells to a man something, he may retain it until he pays the price. And if the buyer dies with debt upon him, the seller is equal with the creditors. So the seller, whenever retaining what he sold until the buyer dies, is more deserving of it than the buyer's creditors. And whenever he delivers it to the buyer and he takes possession from him, then dies, he and the rest of the creditors therein are equal. So what necessitates for him exclusivity with its price, apart from the creditors - is its remaining in his hand. So when what we described was likewise, likewise is the buyer's bankruptcy: when the slave is in the seller's hand, he is more deserving of it than the buyer's creditors. And if he had taken it from his hand to the buyer's hand, he and the rest of the creditors therein are equal; so this is a sound proof. And another proof: we saw when the buyer does not take possession, with all the price remaining for the seller, or he pays some price, with a portion remaining for him - that he is more deserving of the slave until he obtains what remains for him of the price. So by its remaining in his hand he was more deserving of it, whether all the price or some price is his; no difference between anything of that, making its ruling one ruling. So when that was likewise, and they agreed that when the buyer takes possession of the slave and pays the seller a portion of its price, then the buyer goes bankrupt, the seller is not with that remaining portion his more deserving of the slave than the rest of the creditors, but he and they therein are equal. And likewise when all its price remains for him until bankruptcy, he is not with that more deserving of the slave than the rest of the creditors; he and they therein are equal. So its ruling is equal whether all the price remains for him upon the buyer, or some price, until the buyer's bankruptcy, as both remaining for him upon him were equal, until the death which they agreed therein upon what we mentioned. So by reasoning what we mentioned of that is established, and it is the view of Abu Hanifah, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on them.