347 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ قَالَ : ثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ : ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ زِرٍّ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، مِثْلَهُ . قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ بِهَذِهِ الْآثَارِ الَّتِي رَوَيْنَاهَا صِحَّةُ قَوْلِ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى وُجُوبِ الْغُسْلِ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ . فَهَذَا وَجْهُ هَذَا الْبَابِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْآثَارِ . وَأَمَّا وَجْهُهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ النَّظَرِ ، فَإِنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُمْ لَمْ يَخْتَلِفُوا أَنَّ الْجِمَاعَ فِي الْفَرْجِ الَّذِي لَا إِنْزَالَ مَعَهُ - حَدَثٌ . فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : هُوَ أَغْلَظُ الْأَحْدَاثِ ، فَأَوْجَبُوا فِيهِ أَغْلَظَ الطَّهَارَاتِ ، وَهُوَ الْغُسْلُ . وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : هُوَ كَأَخَفِّ الْأَحْدَاثِ ، فَأَوْجَبُوا فِيهِ أَخَفَّ الطَّهَارَاتِ ، وَهُوَ الْوُضُوءُ . [1/61] فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَنْظُرَ إِلَى الْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ : هَلْ هُوَ أَغْلَظُ الْأَشْيَاءِ فَنُوجِبُ فِيهِ أَغْلَظَ مَا يَجِبُ فِي ذَلِكَ ؟ فَوَجَدْنَا أَشْيَاءَ يُوجِبُهَا الْجِمَاعُ ، وَهُوَ فَسَادُ الصِّيَامِ وَالْحَجِّ ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ إِنْزَالٌ ، وَيُوجِبُ ذَلِكَ فِي الْحَجِّ ، الدَّمَ ، وَقَضَاءَ الْحَجِّ ، وَيُوجِبُ فِي الصِّيَامِ ، الْقَضَاءَ وَالْكَفَّارَةَ ، فِي قَوْلِ مَنْ يُوجِبُهَا . وَلَوْ كَانَ جَامَعَ فِيمَا دُونَ الْفَرْجِ ، وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَجِّ دَمٌ فَقَطَّ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصِّيَامِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُنْزِلَ ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْهِ فِي حَجِّهِ وَصِيَامِهِ ، وَكَانَ مَنْ زَنَى بِامْرَأَةٍ حُدَّ ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُنْزِلْ ، وَلَوْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ شُبْهَةٍ ، فَسَقَطَ بِهَا الْحَدُّ عَنْهُ ، وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَهْرُ . وَكَانَ لَوْ جَامَعَهَا فِيمَا دُونَ الْفَرْجِ ، لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ حَدٌّ وَلَا مَهْرٌ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يُعَزَّرُ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ هُنَاكَ شُبْهَةٌ . وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ فَجَامَعَهَا جِمَاعًا لَا خَلْوَةَ مَعَهُ فِي الْفَرْجِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا ، كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَهْرُ أَنْزَلَ أَوْ لَمْ يُنْزِلْ ، وَوَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ وَأَحَلَّهَا ذَلِكَ لِزَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ . وَلَوْ جَامَعَهَا فِيمَا دُونَ الْفَرْجِ لَمْ يَجِبْ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ ، إِنْ كَانَ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْرًا ، أَوِ الْمُتْعَةُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْرًا . فَكَانَ يَجِبُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي وَصَفْنَا ، الَّتِي لَا إِنْزَالَ مَعَهَا أَغْلَظُ مَا يَجِبُ فِي الْجِمَاعِ الَّذِي مَعَهُ الْإِنْزَالُ ، مِنَ الْحُدُودِ وَالْمُهُورِ ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ . فَالنَّظَرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَلِكَ ، هُوَ فِي حُكْمِ الْأَحْدَاثِ ، أَغْلَظُ الْأَحْدَاثِ ، وَيَجِبُ فِيهِ أَغْلَظُ مَا يَجِبُ فِي الْأَحْدَاثِ ، وَهُوَ الْغُسْلُ . وَحُجَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّا رَأَيْنَا هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ ، فَإِذَا كَانَ بَعْدَهَا الْإِنْزَالُ لَمْ يَجِبْ بِالْإِنْزَالِ حُكْمٌ ثَانٍ ، وَإِنَّمَا الْحُكْمُ لِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ . أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَوْ جَامَعَ امْرَأَةً جِمَاعَ زِنَاءٍ ، فَالْتَقَى خِتَانَاهُمَا ، وَجَبَ الْحَدُّ عَلَيْهِمَا بِذَلِكَ ، وَلَوْ أَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ لَمْ يَجِبْ بِذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ عُقُوبَةٌ غَيْرُ الْحَدِّ الَّذِي وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ ، وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْجِمَاعُ عَلَى وَجْهِ شُبْهَةٍ ، فَوَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَهْرُ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ ، لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْإِنْزَالِ شَيْءٌ ، بَعْدَ مَا وَجَبَ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ وَكَانَ مَا يُحْكَمُ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ عَلَى مَنْ جَامَعَ فَأَنْزَلَ ، هُوَ مَا يُحْكَمُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا جَامَعَ وَلَمْ يُنْزِلْ ، وَكَانَ الْحُكْمُ فِي ذَلِكَ هُوَ لِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ لَا لِلْإِنْزَالِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ بَعْدَهُ . فَالنَّظَرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، أَنْ يَكُونَ الْغُسْلُ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَى مَنْ جَامَعَ وَأَنْزَلَ ، هُوَ بِالْتِقَاءِ الْخِتَانَيْنِ لَا بِالْإِنْزَالِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ بَعْدَهُ . فَثَبَتَ بِذَلِكَ قَوْلُ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا : إِنَّ الْجِمَاعَ يُوجِبُ الْغُسْلَ ، كَانَ مَعَهُ إِنْزَالٌ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ ، وَعَامَّةِ الْعُلَمَاءِ رَحِمَهُمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى . وَحُجَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي ذَلِكَ : أَنَّ فَهْدًا
EnglishUnverified translation
347 - Ahmad narrated to us, he said: Musaddad narrated to us, he said: Hammad ibn Zayd narrated to us, from Asim, from Zirr, from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, the same. Abu Ja'far said: So the soundness of the view of whoever holds ghusl obligatory by the meeting of the two circumcisions is established by these reports we narrated. This is the aspect of this chapter by way of reports. As for its aspect by way of reasoning: we saw they did not differ that intercourse in the private part without ejaculation is a hadath. One group said: it is the gravest of hadaths, so they made the gravest purification obligatory in it, namely ghusl. Another group said: it is like the lightest of hadaths, so they made the lightest purification obligatory in it, namely ablution. So we wanted to consider the meeting of the two circumcisions: is it the gravest of things, so we make the gravest of what is due obligatory in it? We found things that intercourse necessitates, namely spoiling of fasting and hajj, and that is by the meeting of the two circumcisions even without ejaculation; in hajj it necessitates blood, and making up the hajj, and in fasting it necessitates making up and expiation, in the view of whoever makes it obligatory. Had he had intercourse below the private part, only blood would be due in hajj, and nothing would be due in fasting unless he ejaculates, though all that is forbidden to him in his hajj and fasting. Whoever commits zina with a woman is subjected to hadd even without ejaculating; had he done it under doubt so the hadd falls, mahr is due. Had he had intercourse with her below the private part, neither hadd nor mahr would be due, but he is disciplined if there is no doubt. When a man marries a woman and has intercourse with her without seclusion in the private part then divorces her, mahr is due whether he ejaculated or not, iddah is due upon her, and that makes her lawful for her first husband. Had he had intercourse with her below the private part, nothing of that would be due, and in divorce half the mahr is due if he had named a mahr, or mut'ah if he had not named one. So in these things we described, without ejaculation, the gravest of what is due in intercourse with ejaculation is due, of hadd punishments, dowries, and other. So by reasoning it is likewise, in the ruling of hadaths, the gravest of hadaths, and the gravest of what is due in hadaths is due in it, namely ghusl. And another proof in that: we saw these things made obligatory by the meeting of the two circumcisions, such that if ejaculation follows, no second ruling is due by the ejaculation; the ruling belongs to the meeting of the two circumcisions. Do you not see that had a man had unlawful intercourse with a woman and the two circumcisions met, hadd is due upon them thereby, and had he remained upon her until he ejaculated, no punishment beyond the hadd due by the meeting would be due; and had that intercourse been under doubt so mahr became due by the meeting, then he remained until he ejaculated, nothing would be due in that ejaculation after what became due by the meeting. And what is ruled in these things for one who had intercourse and ejaculated is what is ruled for him when he had intercourse without ejaculating, and the ruling in that belongs to the meeting of the two circumcisions, not to the ejaculation after it. So by reasoning, the ghusl due upon one who had intercourse and ejaculated is by the meeting of the two circumcisions, not by the ejaculation after it. Thus the saying of those who said intercourse makes ghusl obligatory, with or without ejaculation, is established. This is the view of Abu Hanifah, Abu Yusuf, Muhammad, and the generality of scholars, may Allah Almighty have mercy on them. And another proof in that: that Fahd...