286 - حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُمَيْرٍ قَالَ : نَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ : نَا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ مَوْلَى غُفْرَةَ قَالَا : قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ مَالٌ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ : مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْتِ فَلْيَأْخُذْهُ ، قَالَ : فَجَاءَ [1/408] جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَقَالَ : قَدْ وَعَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : إِذَا جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مَالٌ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مِلْءَ كَفَّيْهِ قَالَ : خُذْ بِيَدَيْكَ ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدَيْهِ فَوَجَدَهُ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ ، قَالَ : عُدْ إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ مِثْلَهَا ، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ مَا بَقِيَ فَأَصَابَ عَشَرَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ يَعْنِي : لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ جَاءَهُ مَالٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَصَابَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، وَفَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ ، فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ فَضَلَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ وَلَكُمْ خَدَمٌ يُعَالِجُونَ لَكُمْ ، وَيَعْمَلُونَ لَكُمْ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ رَضَخْنَا لَهُمْ فَرَضَخَ لَهُمْ خَمْسَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ خَمْسَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ لَوْ فَضَّلْتَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ قَالَ : أَجْرُ أُولَئِكَ عَلَى اللهِ إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ مَعَايِشُ ، الْأُسْوَةُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - ، فَفَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْفُتُوحَ فَجَاءَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ ، فَقَالَ قَدْ كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ رَأْيٌ وَلِي رَأْيٌ آخَرُ ، لَا أَجْعَلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَمَنْ قَاتَلَ مَعَهُ ، فَفَضَّلَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ ، فَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ قَبْلَ إِسْلَامِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَرَضَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا ، لِكُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ إِلَّا صَفِيَّةَ وَجُوَيْرِيَةَ فَرَضَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ سِتَّةَ آلَافٍ سِتَّةَ آلَافٍ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَأْخُذْنَهَا ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتُ لَهُنَّ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، قُلْنَ مَا فَرَضْتَ لَهُنَّ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْهِجْرَةِ إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتَ لَهُنَّ مِنْ مَكَانِهِنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلَنَا مِثْلُ مَكَانِهِنَّ ، [1/409] فَأَبْصَرَ ذَلِكَ فَجَعَلَهُنَّ سَوَاءً مِثْلَهُنَّ ، وَفَرَضَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا لِقَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ، وَفَرَضَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ فَأَلْحَقَهُمَا بِأَبِيهِمَا لِقَرَابَتِهِمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ، وَفَرَضَ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَةِ فَرَضْتَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَفَرَضْتَ لِي ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ؟ فَمَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ ، وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْ أَبِيكَ وَهُوَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ مِنْكَ ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَبْنَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا أَلْفَيْنِ أَلْفَيْنِ ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَ : زِيدُوهُ أَلْفًا أَوْ قَالَ : زِدْهُ أَلْفًا يَا غُلَامُ ، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَزِيدُهُ عَلَيْنَا ؟ مَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِآبَائِنَا ، قَالَ : فَرَضْتُ لَهُ بِأَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَلْفَيْنِ وَزِدْتُهُ بِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَلْفًا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَ أُمٌّ مِثْلُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زِدْتُكَ أَلْفًا ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ ثَمَانَمِائَةٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ يَعْنِي : عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ ثَمَانَمِائَةٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِابْنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ أَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمَ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ : جَاءَكَ ابْنُ عُثْمَانَ مِثْلَهُ فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ ثَمَانَمِائَةٍ ، وَجَاءَكَ غُلَامٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي لَقِيتُ أَبَا هَذَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقُلْتُ مَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ قُتِلَ فَسَلَّ سَيْفَهُ وَكَشَّرَ زَنْدَهُ وَقَالَ : إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ قُتِلَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ ، فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ ، وَهَذَا يَرْعَى الْغَنَمَ فَتُرِيدُونَ أَجْعَلُهُمَا سَوَاءً ؟ فَعَمِلَ عُمَرُ عُمْرَهُ بِهَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ السَّنَةِ الَّتِي حَجَّ فِيهَا قَالَ نَاسٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ : لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا ، يَعْنُونَ [1/410] طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ وَقَالُوا ، كَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِي أَوْسَطِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ بِمِنًى فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسَ يَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ غَوْغَاءُ النَّاسِ وَهُمْ لَا يَحْتَمِلُونَ كَلَامَكَ ، فَأَمْهِلْ أَوْ أَخِّرْ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ أَرْضَ الْهِجْرَةِ حَيْثُ أَصْحَابُكَ وَدَارُ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ فَتَكَلَّمْ بِكَلَامِكَ أَوْ فَتَتَكَلَّمُ فَيُحْتَمَلَ كَلَامُكَ ، قَالَ : فَأَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَخَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَدْ بَلَغَنِي مَقَالَةُ قَائِلِكُمْ : لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ أَوْ لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا فَبَايَعْنَاهُ ، وَكَانَتْ إِمَارَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً ، أَجَلْ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً ، وَمِنْ أَيْنَ لَنَا مِثْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَيْهِ كَمَا نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَأَى رَأْيًا فَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا رَأْيًا وَرَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا أَنْ أُفَضِّلَ فَإِنْ أَعِشْ إِلَى هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ فَسَأَرْجِعُ إِلَى رَأْيِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَرَأْيُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَأْيِي ، إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَا وَمَا أَرَى ذَاكَ إِلَّا عِنْدَ اقْتِرَابِ أَجَلِي ، رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا أَحْمَرَ نَقَرَنِي ثَلَاثَ نَقَرَاتٍ - فَاسْتَعْبَرَتْ أَسْمَاءُ فَقَالَتْ : يَقْتُلُكَ عَبْدٌ أَعْجَمِيٌّ - ، فَإِنْ أَهْلِكَ فَإِنَّ أَمْرَكُمْ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ : عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ ، وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ، وَإِنْ عِشْتُ فَسَأَعْهَدُ عَهْدًا لَا تَهْلِكُوا ، أَلَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجْمَ قَدْ رَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ وَلَوْلَا أَنْ تَقُولُوا كَتَبَ عُمَرُ مَا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ لَكَتَبْتُهُ قَدْ قَرَأْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ : الشَّيْخُ وَالشَّيْخَةُ إِذَا زَنَيَا فَارْجُمُوهُمَا الْبَتَّةَ نَكَالًا مِنَ اللهِ وَاللهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ [1/411] ثُمَّ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْعَمَّةِ وَابْنَةِ الْأَخِ فَمَا جَعَلْتُهُمَا وَارِثَيْنِ وَلَا يَرِثَا ، وَإِنْ أَعِشْ فَسَأَفْتَحُ لَكُمْ مِنْهُ طَرِيقًا تَعْرِفُونَهُ وَإِنْ أَهْلِكْ فَاللهُ خَلِيفَتِي وَتَخْتَارُونَ رَأْيَكُمْ ، إِنِّي قَدْ دَوَّنْتُ الدِّيوَانَ وَمَصَّرْتُ الْأَمْصَارَ وَإِنَّمَا أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدَ رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلٌ تَأَوَّلَ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأْوِيلِهِ فَيُقَاتِلْ عَلَيْهِ ، وَرَجُلٌ يَرَى أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ فَيُقَاتِلْ عَلَيْهِ . تَكَلَّمَ بِهَذَا الْكَلَامِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَمَاتَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ " . وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رُوِيَ نَحْوُ كَلَامِهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي صِفَةِ مَقْتَلِهِ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ ، وَلَا نَعْلَمُ رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ بِهَذَا التَّمَامِ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ .
EnglishUnverified translation
286 - Zuhayr ibn Muhammad ibn Qumayr narrated to us, he said: Husayn ibn Muhammad narrated to us, he said: Abu Mashar narrated to us, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from his father, and from Umar ibn Abdullah the freedman of Ghufrah, they said: Wealth from Bahrain came to Abu Bakr, so he said: Whoever has a promise from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), let him come and take it. He said: So Jabir ibn Abdullah came and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) promised me, saying: When wealth from Bahrain comes to me I will give you like this and like this and like this three times, both handfuls. He said: Take with your hands. So he took with his hands and found it five hundred. He said: Return to it, then he gave him the like of it. Then he distributed the rest among the people, and each one got ten dirhams. The next year more wealth came, so he distributed among them and each man got twenty dirhams, and surplus remained. So he said to the people: O people, surplus remains of this wealth, and you have servants attending to you and working for you; if you wish we allocate to them. So he allocated to them five dirhams five dirhams. They said: O caliph of the Messenger of Allah, if only you preferred the Muhajirun. He said: Their reward is upon Allah; these are livelihoods; equality in them is better than preference. When Abu Bakr died, may Allah be pleased with him, Umar was made caliph, may Allah be pleased with him, and Allah granted him conquests and more wealth came. So he said: Abu Bakr had a view on this wealth and I have another view; I will not make one who fought the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) like one who fought with him. So he preferred the Muhajirun and Ansar. So he assigned to those of them who witnessed Badr five thousand five thousand, and whoever embraced Islam before the people of Badr he assigned four thousand four thousand. And he assigned to the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) twelve thousand, to each woman, except Safiyyah and Juwayriyah he assigned to each six thousand six thousand, but they refused to take it. So he said: I assigned to them due to migration. They said: You did not assign due to migration; you assigned due to their place with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and we have the like of their place. So he saw that and made them equal. And he assigned to al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib twelve thousand for his kinship to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). And he assigned to Usamah ibn Zayd four thousand, and to al-Hasan and al-Husayn five thousand five thousand, joining them to their father for their kinship to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). And he assigned to Abdullah ibn Umar three thousand. So he said: O father, you assigned to Usamah ibn Zayd four thousand and to me three thousand? Neither his father had merit his father lacked over you, nor he had merit he lacked over me. So he said: His father was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) than your father, and he was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah than you. And he assigned to the sons of the Muhajirun and Ansar among those who witnessed Badr two thousand two thousand. Then Umar ibn Abi Salamah passed by him, so he said: Add a thousand for him, boy. So Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Jahsh said: Why do you add for him over us? His father had no merit our fathers lacked. He said: I assigned to him two thousand for Abu Salamah and added a thousand for Umm Salamah; if you have a mother like Umm Salamah I will add a thousand for you. And he assigned to the people of Mecca eight hundred. And he assigned to Uthman ibn Abdullah ibn Uthman, and he is the nephew of Talhah ibn Ubaydullah, meaning Uthman ibn Abdullah, eight hundred. And he assigned to the son of al-Nadr ibn Anas two thousand dirhams. So Talhah ibn Ubaydullah said to him: The son of Uthman like him came to you and you assigned eight hundred, and a boy of the Ansar came and you assigned among two thousand. So he said: I met this one's father on Uhud; he asked me about the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), so I said: I see him killed. So he drew his sword and bared his forearm and said: If the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has been killed, Allah is Living and does not die. So he fought until killed, while this one herds sheep; do you want me to make them equal? So Umar acted upon this all his life until in the last year in which he performed Hajj, some people said: If the Commander of the Believers dies we will appoint so-and-so, meaning Talhah ibn Ubaydullah, and they said: The pledge of Abu Bakr was a slip. So he wanted to speak in the middle of the days of Tashriq at Mina, so Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf said to him: O Commander of the Believers, this gathering is dominated by the rabble who cannot bear your speech; delay until you come to the land of migration where your companions and the abode of faith and the Muhajirun and Ansar are, then speak your speech so your speech is borne. He said: So he hastened until he came to Medina, then went out on Friday, praised Allah and extolled Him, then said: It has reached me the saying of one of you: If Umar dies or if the Commander of the Believers dies we will appoint so-and-so and pledge him, and the rule of Abu Bakr was a slip. Yes, by Allah, it was a slip. Whence do we have the like of Abu Bakr to stretch our necks to as we stretched to Abu Bakr. And Abu Bakr saw a view and I saw a view; Abu Bakr saw to divide equally and I saw to prefer. If I live to this year I shall return to Abu Bakr's view, for his view is better than mine. I have seen a dream, and I see it only as nearness of my term: I saw as if a red rooster pecked me three pecks, and Asma interpreted it saying: A non-Arab slave will kill you. If I perish, your affair is to these six with whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) died while pleased with them: Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Talhah ibn Ubaydullah, and Sad ibn Malik. And if I live I shall make a covenant you will not perish by. Lo, stoning: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stoned and we stoned after him. Were it not that you say Umar wrote what is not in Allah's Book I would have written it. We read in Allah's Book: The old man and old woman if they commit adultery, stone them outright as exemplary punishment from Allah, and Allah is Mighty, Wise. Then I looked at the paternal aunt and brother's daughter and did not make them heirs. If I live I shall open for you a path you recognize, and if I perish Allah is my Caliph and you choose your view. I have registered the diwan and founded the garrison cities. I fear for you only two men: a man who interprets the Quran on other than its interpretation and fights over it, and a man who sees himself more deserving of rule than his fellow and fights over it. He spoke this speech on Friday and died, may Allah be pleased with him, on Wednesday. And this hadith, similar wording has been narrated from Umar concerning his killing by various routes, and we do not know it narrated from Zayd ibn Aslam, from his father, in this completeness except from the hadith of Abu Mashar, from Zayd, from his father.