194 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَأَكْثَرُ كَلَامِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لِأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ قَالَا : نَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كُنْتُ أُقْرِئُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ فِي آخِرِ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ آخِرَ حَجَّةٍ حَجَّهَا وَنَحْنُ بِمِنًى أَتَانَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فَقَالَ : لَوْ شَهِدْتَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْيَوْمَ وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ : [1/300] إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ فُلَانًا يَقُولُ : لَوْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَبَايَعْنَا فُلَانًا ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : لَأَقُومَنَّ الْعَشِيَّةَ فِي النَّاسِ فَلَأُحَذِّرَنَّهُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطَ الَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَغْتَصِبُوا النَّاسَ أُمُورَهُمْ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ الْمَوْسِمَ يَجْمَعُ رَعَاعَ النَّاسِ وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَغْلِبُونَ عَلَى مَجْلِسِكَ فَلَوْ أَخَّرْتَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقْدَمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَتَقُولَ مَا تَقُولُ وَأَنْتَ مُتَمَكِّنٌ فَيَعُونَهَا عَنْكَ وَيَضَعُونَهَا مَوْضِعَهَا ، قَالَ : فَقَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَاءَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ وَذَكَرْتُ مَا حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فَهَجَّرْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَوَجَدْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ قَدْ سَبَقَنِي بِالتَّهْجِيرِ فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ تَمَسُّ رُكْبَتِي رُكْبَتَهُ فَلَمَّا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ ، قُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ : لَيَقُولَنَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْيَوْمَ مَقَالَةً لَمْ تُقَلْ قَبْلَهُ ، فَغَضِبَ سَعِيدٌ وَقَالَ : وَأَيُّ مَقَالَةٍ يَقُولُهَا لَمْ تُقَلْ قَبْلَهُ ؟ فَلَمَّا صَعِدَ عُمَرُ الْمِنْبَرَ أَخَذَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ فِي أَذَانِهِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَامَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَقُولَ مَقَالَةً قَدْ قُدِّرَ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَهَا وَلَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَجَلِي ، فَمَنْ حَفِظَهَا وَوَعَاهَا فَلْيَتَحَدَّثْ بِهَا حَيْثُ انْتَهَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْفَظْهَا وَلَمْ يَعِهَا فَإِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ عَلَيَّ ، إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ أَلَا وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ رَجَمَ وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ ، أَلَا وَإِنِّي قَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَطُولَ بِالنَّاسِ الزَّمَانُ فَيَقُولُونَ : لَا نَعْرِفُ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ فَيَضِلُّونَ بِتَرْكِ فَرِيضَةٍ أَنْزَلَهَا اللهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَى وَكَانَ مُحْصَنًا وَقَامَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ أَوْ كَانَ حَمْلٌ أَوِ اعْتِرَافٌ ، أَلَا وَإِنَّا كُنَّا نَقْرَأُ لَا تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ كُفْرٌ بِكُمْ أَنْ تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : لَا تُطْرُونِي كَمَا أَطْرَتِ النَّصَارَى عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ فَإِنَّمَا أَنَا عَبْدُهُ ، وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا : عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، أَلَا وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ خَبَرِنَا [1/301] لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - تَخَلَّفَ عَنَّا عَلِيٌّ وَالْعَبَّاسُ ، وَمَنْ مَعَهُمْ فِي بَيْتِ فَاطِمَةَ فَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ : انْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَى إِخْوَانِنَا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَخَرَجْنَا فَلَقِينَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَيْنِ صَالِحَيْنِ . - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : هُمَا عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ وَمَعْنُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ - فَقَالَا : أَيْنَ تُرِيدُونَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ ؟ فَقُلْنَا : نُرِيدُ إِخْوَانَنَا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَقَالَ : أَمْهِلُوا حَتَّى تَقْضُوا أَمْرَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ فَقُلْنَا : لَنَأْتِيَنَّهُمْ ، فَأَتَيْنَاهُمْ وَإِذَا هُمْ مُجْتَمِعُونَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ ، وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مُزَمَّلٌ فَقُلْتُ : مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا : هَذَا سَعْدٌ ، قُلْتُ : وَمَا شَأْنُهُ ؟ قَالُوا : وُعِكَ ، وَقَامَ خَطِيبًا لِلْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ : إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْكُمْ دَافَّةٌ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ وَأَنْتُمْ إِخْوَانُنَا وَنَحْنُ كَتِيبَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَخْتَزِلُونَا وَتَخْتَصِمُونَ بِالْأَمْرِ أَوْ تَسْتَأْثِرُونَ بِالْأَمْرِ دُونَنَا ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ رَوَّيْتُ مَقَالَةً أَقُولُهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ كَلَامِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبْتُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَا قَالَ لِي : عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَوَاللهِ مَا تَرَكَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ إِلَّا جَاءَ بِهِ وَبِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ مَهْمَا قُلْتُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فِيكُمْ فَأَنْتُمْ لَهُ أَهْلٌ وَلَكِنَّ الْعَرَبَ لَا تَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ إِلَّا لِهَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ ، وَقَدْ رَضِيتُ لَكُمْ أَحَدَ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَبَايِعُوا أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتُمْ ، وَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي وَبِيَدِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ فَكُنْتُ لَأَنْ أُقَدَّمَ فَتُضْرَبَ عُنُقِي لَا يُقَرِّبُنِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ إِثْمٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَتَأَمَّرَ ، أَوْ أَتَوَلَّى عَلَى قَوْمٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، فَقَامَ حُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فَقَالَ : أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا الْمُحَكَّكُ ، وَعُذَيْقُهَا الْمُرَجَّبُ ، مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ وَإِلَّا أَعَدْنَا الْحَرْبَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ جَذَعَةً ، فَقُلْتُ : إِنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ سَيْفَانِ فِي غِمْدٍ وَاحِدٍ وَلَكِنْ مِنَّا الْأُمَرَاءُ وَمِنْكُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ ، ابْسُطْ يَدَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أُبَايِعْكَ ، فَبَسَطَ يَدَهُ فَبَايَعْتُهُ وَبَايَعَهُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ وَارْتَفَعَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَكَثُرَ اللَّغَطُ وَنَزَوْا [1/302] عَلَى سَعْدٍ فَقَالُوا : قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدًا ، فَقُلْتُ : قَتَلَ اللهُ سَعْدًا فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ بَيْعَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً فَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً ، وَلَكِنْ وَقَى اللهُ شَرَّهَا ، فَمَنْ كَانَ فِيكُمْ تُمَدُّ الْأَعْنَاقُ إِلَيْهِ مِثْلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - إِلَّا مَنْ بَايَعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَشُورَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُبَايَعُ لَا هُوَ وَلَا مَنْ بُويِعَ لَهُ تَغِرَّةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ . [1/303] وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَا نَعْلَمُهُ يُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ ، بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ ، وَرَوَاهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ حَسَنُ السِّيَاقِ لَهُ .
EnglishUnverified translation
194 - Ahmad ibn Abda and Abu Bakr ibn Khallad narrated to us - the wording is Abu Bakr's, and most of the speech of this hadith is Abu Bakr ibn Khallad's - they said: Sufyan narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utba, from Ibn Abbas, he said: I used to teach Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf in the last of Umar's caliphate, the last Hajj he performed, while we were at Mina; Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf came to us and said: Had you witnessed the Commander of the Faithful today - a man came to him and said: I heard so-and-so say: If the Commander of the Faithful dies, we shall pledge allegiance to so-and-so. So Umar said: I shall surely stand this evening among the people and warn them against these people who wish to usurp people's affairs. So I said: O Commander of the Faithful, the season gathers the rabble of the people, and they are those who dominate your gathering; so if you delayed that until you arrive in Madina, you would say what you say while settled, and they would retain it from you and place it in its place. He said: So we arrived in Madina, Friday came, and I remembered what Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf had told me, so I went early to the mosque and found Said ibn Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl had preceded me in going early, so I sat beside him with my knee touching his knee. When the sun declined and Umar entered, I said to Said ibn Zayd: The Commander of the Faithful shall surely say today a statement never said before him. So Said became angry and said: And what statement shall he say never said before him? When Umar ascended the pulpit, the caller began his call; when he finished, he stood, praised Allah, extolled Him and invoked blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), then said: To proceed: I wish to say a statement decreed for me to say, and I do not know, perhaps it is before my appointed term; so whoever memorizes and comprehends it, let him narrate it wherever his mount takes him; and whoever does not memorize nor comprehend it, I do not permit anyone to lie upon me. Indeed Allah blessed and exalted sent Muhammad and revealed to him the Book, and revealed to him the verse of stoning. Know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stoned, and we stoned after him. Know that I feared time would grow long upon people and they would say: We do not know the verse of stoning, and they would go astray abandoning an obligation Allah Almighty revealed. Know that stoning is true for whoever commits adultery being married, when proof is established, or pregnancy, or confession. Know that we used to recite: Do not turn away from your fathers, for it is disbelief in you to turn away from your fathers. And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Do not extol me as the Christians extolled Jesus son of Mary; I am but His servant, but say: His servant and His Messenger. Know that among our news when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) died: Ali and al-Abbas and those with them stayed away from us in the house of Fatima; the Emigrants gathered to Abu Bakr, and the Ansar gathered in the Saqifa of Banu Saida. So I said to Abu Bakr: Come with us to our brothers of the Ansar. So we went out and met two righteous men of them - al-Zuhri said: They were Uwaym ibn Saida and Man ibn Adi - and they said: Where do you intend, O company of Quraysh? We said: We intend our brothers of the Ansar. They said: Wait until you settle your affair among yourselves. We said: We shall surely come to them. So we came to them, and they were gathered in the Saqifa of Banu Saida, and there was a man wrapped up. I said: Who is this? They said: This is Sad. I said: What is his condition? They said: He is ill. And a preacher of the Ansar stood and said: A band of you has come pouring to us, O company of Quraysh - you are our brothers, and we are the phalanx of Islam - you wish to cut us off and dispute the affair, or monopolize the affair without us. I had rehearsed a statement to say before Abu Bakr's speech; when I went to speak it, he said to me: Gently. By Allah, he left nothing of what I intended to speak that he did not bring, and better than it. He said: O company of Ansar, whatever good you mention concerning yourselves, you are worthy of it; but the Arabs know this affair only for this clan of Quraysh. And I am pleased for you with one of these two men, so pledge allegiance to whichever of them you wish. And he took my hand and the hand of Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah. I would rather be brought forward and my neck struck - which would not bring me near sin - more beloved to me than to rule, or govern a people among whom is Abu Bakr. So Hubab ibn al-Mundhir stood and said: I am their well-rubbed rubbing-post and their propped-up fruit-laden palm; from us an amir and from you an amir; otherwise we shall renew war between us and you as at its beginning. So I said: Two swords do not fit in one scabbard; but from us the rulers and from you the ministers. Extend your hand, O Abu Bakr, I pledge allegiance to you. So he extended his hand, I pledged allegiance to him, the Emigrants and the Ansar pledged allegiance to him, voices rose, clamor increased, and they sprang upon Sad, saying: You killed Sad. So I said: Allah killed Sad. Whoever claims the pledge of Abu Bakr was a sudden lapse - it was indeed a sudden lapse, but Allah protected from its evil. So whoever among you has necks stretched to him like Abu Bakr - may Allah be pleased with him - except whoever pledges allegiance to a man without consultation of the Muslims, he is not to be pledged allegiance to, neither he nor the one pledged to, for fear he be killed. And this hadith - we do not know it narrated from Umar with this wording except from this angle; and others narrated it from al-Zuhri, from Ubaydullah, from Ibn Abbas, from Umar; and Ibn Uyayna is good in presenting it.
