214 - ( 474 ) - حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقَارِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ جَاءَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهَا جُلُوسٌ ، مَرْجِعَهُ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ لَيَالِيَ قُتِلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ : يَا ابْنَ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ ، هَلْ أَنْتَ صَادِقِي عَمَّا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ ؟ حَدِّثْنِي عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ قَتَلَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ ، قَالَ : وَمَا لِي لَا أَصْدُقُكِ ؟ قَالَتْ : فَحَدِّثْنِي عَنْ قِصَّتِهِمْ ، قَالَ : فَإِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَمَّا كَاتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَحَكَمَ الْحَكَمَانِ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ ، فَنَزَلُوا بِأَرْضٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا : حَرُورَاءُ مِنْ جَانِبِ الْكُوفَةِ ، وَأَنَّهُمْ عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالُوا : انْسَلَخْتَ مِنْ قَمِيصٍ كَسَاكَهُ اللهُ ، [1/368] وَاسْمٍ سَمَّاكَ اللهُ بِهِ ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتَ فَحَكَّمْتَ فِي دِينِ اللهِ ، فَلَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلهِ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا مَا عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ وَفَارَقُوهُ عَلَيْهِ ، أَمَرَ مُؤَذِّنًا فَأَذَّنَ أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَّا مَنْ قَدْ حَمَلَ الْقُرْآنَ ، فَلَمَّا امْتَلَأَتِ الدَّارُ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ دَعَا بِمُصْحَفٍ إِمَامٍ عَظِيمٍ ، فَوَضَعَهُ عَلِيٌّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَطَفِقَ يَصُكُّهُ بِيَدِهِ ، وَيَقُولُ : أَيُّهَا الْمُصْحَفُ ، حَدِّثِ النَّاسَ ، فَنَادَاهُ النَّاسُ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا تَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِدَادٌ فِي وَرَقٍ ، وَنَحْنُ نَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْهُ ، فَمَا تُرِيدُ ؟ قَالَ : أَصْحَابُكُمْ أُولَاءِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا ، بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ كِتَابُ اللهِ ، يَقُولُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ : { وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللهُ بَيْنَهُمَا } . فَأُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً - أَوْ : ذِمَّةً - مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ ، وَنَقَمُوا عَلَيَّ أَنِّي كَاتَبْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، كَتَبْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَقَدْ جَاءَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، قَالَ : لَا تَكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، قَالَ : وَكَيْفَ نَكْتُبُ ؟ فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ : اكْتُبْ : بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فَاكْتُبْ : مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ ، فَقَالَ : لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ لَمْ أُخَالِفْكَ ، فَكَتَبَ : هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قُرَيْشًا ، يَقُولُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ : { لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الآخِرَ } [1/369] فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا تَوَسَّطْتُ عَسْكَرَهُمْ ، قَامَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ، فَقَالَ : أَيَا حَمَلَةَ الْقُرْآنِ ، هَذَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْرِفُهُ فَلْيَعْرِفْهُ ، فَإِنَّمَا أُعَرِّفُهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ ، هَذَا مِمَّنْ نَزَلَ فِيهِ وَفِي قَوْمِهِ { قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ } فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، وَلَا تُوَاضِعُوهُ كِتَابَ اللهِ ، قَالَ : فَقَامَ خُطَبَاؤُهُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : وَاللهِ لَنُوَاضِعَنَّهُ الْكِتَابَ ، فَإِنْ جَاءَنَا بِحَقٍّ نَعْرِفُهُ لَنَتَّبِعَنَّهُ ، وَإِنَّ جَاءَ بِبَاطِلٍ لَنُبَكِّتَنَّهُ بِبَاطِلٍ ، وَلَنَرُدَّنَّهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَوَاضَعُوا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ الْكِتَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، فَرَجَعَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ ، كُلُّهُمْ تَائِبٌ ، فِيهِمُ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ ، حَتَّى أَدْخَلَهُمْ عَلَيٌّ عَلَى الْكُوفَةَ ، فَبَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى بَقِيَّتِهِمْ ، قَالَ : قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا وَأَمْرِ النَّاسِ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ ، فَقِفُوا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ ، بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ : أَلَّا تَسْفِكُوا دَمًا حَرَامًا ، أَوْ تَقْطَعُوا سَبِيلًا ، أَوْ تَظْلِمُوا ذِمَّةً ، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ فَقَدْ نَبَذْنَا إِلَيْكُمُ الْحَرْبَ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ { إِنَّ اللهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ } ، قَالَ : فَقَالَتْ لَهُ عَائِشَةُ : يَا ابْنَ شَدَّادٍ ، فَقَدْ قَتَلَهُمْ ؟ قَالَ : فَوَاللهِ مَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى قَطَعُوا السَّبِيلَ وَسَفَكُوا الدِّمَاءَ ، وَاسْتَحَلُّوا الذِّمَّةَ ، قَالَتْ : وَاللهِ ؟ قَالَ : وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ كَانَ ، [1/370] قَالَتْ : فَمَا شَيْءٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَهُ ، يَقُولُونَ : ذَا الثُّدَيَّةِ ؟ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، قَالَ : قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ وَقُمْتُ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْقَتْلَى ، فَدَعَا النَّاسَ ، فَقَالَ : هَلْ تَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا ؟ فَمَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ جَاءَ يَقُولُ : رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ يُصَلِّي ، وَلَمْ يَأْتُوا فِيهِ بِثَبَتٍ يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ ، قَالَتْ : فَمَا قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ حِينَ قَامَ عَلَيْهِ ، كَمَا يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ ؟ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، قَالَتْ : فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ لَا ، قَالَتْ : أَجَلْ ، صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، يَرْحَمُ اللهُ عَلِيًّا إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ لَا يَرَى شَيْئًا يُعْجِبُهُ ، إِلَّا قَالَ : صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، فَذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ فَيَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَيَزِيدُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ .
EnglishUnverified translation
Ishaq ibn Abi Isra'il narrated to us, Yahya ibn Sulaym narrated to us, from 'Abdullah ibn 'Uthman ibn Khuthaym, from 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Iyad ibn 'Amr al-Qari: that 'Abdullah ibn Shaddad came and entered upon 'A'isha, with us sitting with her, on his return from Iraq in the nights 'Ali ibn Abi Talib was killed. She said to him: O son of Shaddad ibn al-Had, will you tell me truthfully what I ask you? Narrate to me of the people whom 'Ali killed. He said: Why should I not tell you truthfully? She said: Narrate to me their story. He said: When 'Ali ibn Abi Talib corresponded with Mu'awiya and the two arbiters arbitrated, eight thousand of the reciters of the people went out against him and alighted at a land called Harura' on the side of Kufa. They blamed him, saying: You stripped off a shirt Allah clothed you with, and a name Allah named you with, then you went and arbitrated in Allah's religion; judgment belongs only to Allah. When what they blamed him for and separated from him over reached 'Ali, he ordered a caller who called that none shall enter upon the Commander of the Believers except one who carries the Qur'an. When the house filled with reciters, he called for a great imam mushaf; 'Ali placed it before him, striking it with his hand, saying: O mushaf, speak to the people. The people called to him: O Commander of the Believers, what you ask of is but ink on paper; we speak with what we saw of it, so what do you want? He said: These companions of yours who went out — between me and them is the Book of Allah. Allah says in His Book concerning a woman and a man: {If you fear dissension between them, send an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk; if they desire settlement, Allah will reconcile them}. The umma of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is of greater sanctity — or: covenant — than a woman and a man. They blamed me that I corresponded with Mu'awiya, writing 'Ali ibn Abi Talib; yet Suhayl ibn 'Amr came and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote: In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. He said: Do not write In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. He said: How shall we write? Suhayl said: Write: In Your name, O Allah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Then write: Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah. He said: Had I known you are the Messenger of Allah I would not have opposed you. So he wrote: This is what Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah made peace with Quraysh upon. Allah says in His Book: {You have in the Messenger of Allah a good example for whoever hopes for Allah and the Last Day}. Then he sent to them 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas, and I went out with him until when we reached the midst of their camp, Ibn al-Kawwa' stood and addressed the people, saying: O bearers of the Qur'an, this is 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas; whoever did not know him, let him know him; I but define him from the Book of Allah — this is of those concerning whom and his people {a contentious people} was revealed. Return him to his companion and do not contend with him by the Book of Allah. Their orators stood and said: By Allah, we shall contend with him by the Book; if he brings us a truth we know, we shall follow it, and if he brings falsehood we shall refute him with falsehood, and return him to his companion. They contended with 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas by the Book for three days; four thousand of them returned, all repentant, among them Ibn al-Kawwa', until 'Ali brought them into Kufa. 'Ali sent to the rest of them, saying: What happened between us and the people you have seen; stand where you wish; between us and you: that you shed no inviolable blood, cut no road, nor wrong a covenant; if you do, we have cast war to you equally; {Indeed Allah does not love the treacherous}. He said: 'A'isha said to him: O son of Shaddad, so he killed them? He said: By Allah, he did not send against them until they cut the road, shed blood, and violated the covenant. She said: By Allah? He said: By Allah besides whom there is no god, it was so. She said: What is this I was told of the people of Iraq talking, saying: Dhu al-Thudayya? Twice. He said: I saw him and stood with 'Ali over him among the slain; he called the people and said: Do you know this? How many came saying: I saw him praying in the mosque of such-and-such tribe; they brought no established identification of him except that. She said: What did 'Ali say when he stood over him, as the people of Iraq claim? He said: I heard him say: Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth. She said: Did you hear him say other than that? He said: O Allah, no. She said: Yes, Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth; may Allah have mercy on 'Ali, for of his speech he would see nothing pleasing except he said: Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth; so the people of Iraq went fabricating upon him and adding to the hadith.
