وَعَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقَارِئِ: أَنَّهُ جَاءَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهَا جُلُوسٌ، مَرْجِعَهُ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ لَيَالِيَ قَتْلِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ هَلْ أَنْتَ صَادِقِي عَمَّا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ؟ حَدِّثْنِي عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ قَتَلَهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا لِي لَا أَصْدُقُكِ، قَالَتْ: فَحَدِّثْنِي عَنْ قِصَّتِهِمْ. قَالَ: فَإِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَمَّا كَاتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَحَكَمَ الْحَكَمَانِ، خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ، فَنَزَلُوا بِأَرْضٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا: حَرُورَاءُ - مِنْ جَانِبِ الْكُوفَةِ - وَإِنَّهُمْ عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالُوا: انْسَلَخْتَ مِنْ قَمِيصٍ كَسَاكَهُ اللَّهُ، اسْمٌ سَمَّاكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتَ فَحَكَّمْتَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ، فَلَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا مَا عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَفَارَقُوهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَ مُؤَذِّنًا فَأَذَّنَ أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَّا مَنْ قَدْ حَمَلَ الْقُرْآنَ، فَلَمَّا امْتَلَأَتِ الدَّارُ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ دَعَا بِمُصْحَفِ إِمَامٍ عَظِيمٍ، فَوَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَجَعَلَ يَصُكَّهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: أَيُّهَا الْمُصْحَفُ، حَدِّثِ النَّاسَ. فَنَادَاهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالُوا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مَا تَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِدَادٌ فِي وَرَقٍ، يَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْهُ، فَمَا تُرِيدُ؟. قَالَ: أَصْحَابُكُمْ أُولَاءِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ "": {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا} [النساء: 35]. فَأُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً أَوْ ذِمَّةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَامْرَأَةٍ. وَنَقَمُوا عَلَيَّ أَنِّي لَمَّا كَاتَبْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبْتُ: عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَقَدْ «جَاءَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: "" بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ "". قَالَ: لَا تَكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، قَالَ: "" وَكَيْفَ نَكْتُبُ؟ "" قَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: اكْتُبْ: بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: "" فَاكْتُبْ: مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ "" فَقَالَ: لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَمْ أُخَالِفْكَ، فَكَتَبَ: "" هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قُرَيْشًا» "". يَقُولُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: {لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ} [الأحزاب: 21]. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا تَوَسَّطْنَا عَسْكَرَهُمْ، قَامَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ: يَا حَمَلَةَ الْقُرْآنِ، هَذَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْرِفُهُ فَلْيَعْرِفْهُ، فَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، هَذَا مِمَّنْ نَزَلَ فِيهِ وَفِي قَوْمِهِ: "" قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ "". فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ وَلَا تُوَاضِعُوهُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَقَامَ خُطَبَاؤُهُمْ فَقَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ لَنُوَاضِعَنَّهُ الْكِتَابَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَقِّ نَعْرِفُهُ لَنَتَّبِعَنَّهُ، وَإِنْ جَاءَ بِبَاطِلٍ لَنُبَكِّتَنَّهُ بِبَاطِلٍ، وَلَنَرُدَّنَّهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ، فَوَاضَعُوا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ الْكِتَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَرَجَعَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ كُلُّهُمْ تَائِبٌ، فِيهِمُ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ عَلَى الْكُوفَةَ. فَبَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى بَقِيَّتِهِمْ، قَالَ: قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا وَأَمْرِ النَّاسِ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ، فَقِفُوا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ: أَنْ لَا تَسْفِكُوا دَمًا حَرَامًا، أَوْ تَقْطَعُوا سَبِيلًا، أَوْ تَظْلِمُوا ذِمَّةً، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ فَقَدْ نَبَذْنَا إِلَيْكُمُ الْحَرْبَ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ. فَقَالَتْ لَهُ عَائِشَةُ: يَا ابْنَ شَدَّادٍ، فَقَدْ قَتَلَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى قَطَعُوا السَّبِيلَ، وَسَفَكُوا الدِّمَاءَ، وَاسْتَحَلُّوا الذِّمَّةَ. فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ كَانَ. قَالَتْ: فَمَا شَيْءٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَهُ يَقُولُونَ: ذَا الثُّدَيَّةِ؟ مَرَّتَيْنِ. قَالَ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ، وَقُمْتُ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْقَتْلَى فَدَعَا النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ: أَتَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا؟ فَمَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ جَاءَ يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ يُصَلِّي. وَلَمْ يَأْتُوا فِيهِ بِثَبْتٍ يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا ذَاكَ. قَالَتْ: فَمَا قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ حِينَ قَامَ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ؟ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، قَالَتْ: فَهَلْ رَأَيْتَهُ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا، قَالَتْ: أَجَلْ، صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ عَلِيًّا، إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ لَا يَرَى شَيْئًا يُعْجِبُهُ إِلَّا قَالَ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَيَذْهَبُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ فَيَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَيَزِيدُونَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى، وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ.
EnglishUnverified translation
Ubaydullah ibn Iyad ibn Amr al-Qari: Abdullah ibn Shaddad ibn al-Had came to Aishah radiya Allahu anha while we sat with her, returning from Iraq in the nights Ali ibn Abi Talib radiya Allahu anhu was killed. She asked, O Ibn Shaddad, will you tell me truth about what I ask. Tell me of those Ali killed. He said, Why would I not tell you truth. She said, Tell their story. He said, When Ali corresponded with Mu'awiyah radiya Allahu anhu and the two arbiters judged, eight thousand reciters rebelled, camped at Harura' by Kufah. They blamed him saying, You shed a shirt Allah clothed you, a name Allah named you, then arbitrated men in Allah's religion; no judgment but Allah's. When their blame and parting reached Ali, he ordered a caller that none enter the Commander of the Faithful but a bearer of the Quran. When the house filled with reciters he called for a great master copy, placed it before him, struck it with his hand saying: > **"O Mushaf, speak to the people."** People called, O Commander of the Faithful, what you ask is but ink on paper speaking what we see; what do you want. He said, Those companions of yours who rebelled — between me and them is Allah's Book. Allah says concerning a woman and man, If you fear breach send an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk, Nisa 35. Is the sanctity of Muhammad's ummah ﷺ greater, or a man and woman. They blamed that when writing Mu'awiyah he wrote Ali ibn Abi Talib. Suhayl ibn Amr once came; the Messenger ﷺ wrote: > **"In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate."** He said, Write not that. He asked: > **"How shall we write?"** Suhayl said, Write, In Your name O Allah. The Messenger ﷺ said: > **"Write, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."** He said, Had I known you Allah's Messenger I would not oppose you. So he wrote: > **"This is what Muhammad ibn Abdillah conciliated Quraysh upon."** Allah says in His Book, You have in Allah's Messenger a fine example for whoever hopes in Allah and the Last Day, Ahzab 21. He sent Abdullah ibn Abbas radiya Allahu anhuma to them; I went with him until amid their camp. Ibn al-Kawwa' stood preaching, O bearers of the Quran, this is Abdullah ibn Abbas; whoever knows him not, know him; I know him from Allah's Book, of those revealed about, A disputatious people. Return him to his master and do not debate Allah's Book with him. Their preachers rose saying, By Allah we shall debate the Book with him; if he brings truth we know, we follow; if false, we refute with falsehood and return him to his master. They debated Abdullah ibn Abbas the Book three days; four thousand repented, including Ibn al-Kawwa', until Ali brought them into Kufah. Ali sent to the rest: Our affair and people's you have seen; stand where you will on condition between us you shed no unlawful blood, cut no road, wrong no covenant; if you do, we declare war openly: Allah loves not traitors. Aishah asked, O Ibn Shaddad, so he killed them. He said, By Allah he sent none until they cut roads, shed blood, violated covenant. She said, By Allah. He said, By Allah besides whom none is worthy of worship, so it was. She asked twice about what Iraqis relate, Dhu al-Thudayyah. He said, I saw him, stood with Ali over him among slain; he called people asking: > **"Do you know this?"** Most who came said, I saw him praying in such-and-such mosque, with no firm identification but that. She asked, What did Ali say standing over him as Iraqis claim. He said, I heard him say, Allah and His Messenger spoke truth. She asked, Did you see him say else. He said, O Allah, no. She said, Yes, Allah and His Messenger spoke truth; mercy upon Ali, it was his speech never seeing anything marvelous but saying, Allah and His Messenger spoke truth, while Iraqis go lying upon him and adding to report.