«وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ} [التحريم: 4] فَكُنْتُ أَهَابُهُ، حَتَّى حَجَجْنَا مَعَهُ حَجَّةً فَقُلْتُ: لَئِنْ لَمْ أَسْأَلْهُ فِي الْحَجَّةِ لَا أَسْأَلُهُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا حَجَّنَا أَدْرَكْنَاهُ وَهُوَ بِبَطْنِ مُرٍّ وَقَدْ تَخَلَّفَ لِبَعْضِ حَاجَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِكَ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَا حَاجَتُكَ؟ قُلْتُ: شَيْءٌ كُنْتُ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْهُ - يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ - فَكُنْتُ أَهَابُكَ، فَقَالَ: سَلْنِي عَمَّا شِئْتَ، فَإِنَّا لَمْ نَكُنْ نَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا حَتَّى تَعَلَّمْنَاهُ، فَقُلْتُ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ} [التحريم: 4] مَنْ هُمَا؟ قَالَ: لَا تَسْأَلُ أَحَدًا أَعْلَمَ بِذَلِكَ مِنِّي، كُنَّا بِمَكَّةَ لَا يُكَلِّمُ أَحَدُنَا امْرَأَتَهُ إِنَّمَا هِيَ خَادِمُ الْبَيْتِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ، سَفَعَ بِرِجْلِهَا فَقَضَى حَاجَتَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ تَعَلَّمْنَ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِ فَجَعَلْنَ يُكَلِّمْنَنَا وَيُرَاجِعْنَنَا، وَإِنِّي أَمَرْتُ غِلْمَانًا لِي بِبَعْضِ الْحَاجَةِ، فَقَالَتْ امْرَأَتِي: بَلِ اصْنَعْ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهَا بِقَضِيبٍ فَضَرَبْتُهَا بِهِ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا عَجَبًا لَكَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، تُرِيدُ أَنْ لَا تُكَلَّمَ؟! فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - تُكَلِّمُهُ نِسَاؤُهُ، فَخَرَجْتُ، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ فَقُلْتُ: يَا بُنَيَّةُ انْظُرِي لَا تُكَلِّمِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلَا تَسْأَلِيهِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ دِينَارٌ وَلَا دِرْهَمٌ يُعْطِيكَهُنَّ، فَمَا كَانَتْ لَكِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ حَتَّى دَهْنِ رَأْسِكِ فَسَلِينِي، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِذَا صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ جَلَسَ فِي مُصَلَّاهُ، وَجَلَسَ النَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ امْرَأَةً امْرَأَةً يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَيَدْعُو لَهُنَّ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ إِحْدَاهُنَّ جَلَسَ عِنْدَهَا، وَإِنَّهَا أُهْدِيَتْ لِحَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ عُمَرَ عَكَّةُ عَسَلٍ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ - أَوْ مِنْ مَكَّةَ - فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِذَا دَخَلَ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهَا حَبَسَتْهُ حَتَّى تُلْعِقَهُ مِنْهُ أَوْ تَسْقِيَهُ مِنْهَا، وَأَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَنْكَرَتِ احْتِبَاسَهُ عِنْدَهَا، فَقَالَتْ لِجُوَيْرِيَةٍ عِنْدَهَا حَبَشِيَّةٍ، يُقَالُ لَهَا: خَضْرَاءُ: إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ فَادْخُلِي عَلَيْهَا فَانْظُرِي مَا يَصْنَعُ، فَأَخْبَرَتْهَا الْجَارِيَةُ بِشَأْنِ الْعَسَلِ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِلَى صَوَاحِبَاتِهَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهُنَّ، وَقَالَتْ: إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْكُنَّ فَقُلْنَ: إِنَّا نَجِدُ مِنْكَ رِيحَ مَغَافِيرَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَطَعِمْتَ شَيْئًا مُنْذُ الْيَوْمُ؟ فَإِنِّي أَجِدُ مِنْكَ رِيحَ مَغَافِيرَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَشَدُّ شَيْءٍ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُوجَدَ مِنْهُ رِيحُ شَيْءٍ، فَقَالَ: "" هُوَ عَسَلٌ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَطْعَمُهُ أَبَدًا "" حَتَّى [إِذَا] كَانَ يَوْمُ حَفْصَةَ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي حَاجَةً إِلَى أَبِي، إِنَّ نَفَقَةً لِي عِنْدَهُ، فَأْذَنْ لِي أَنْ آتِيَهُ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى جَارِيَتِهِ مَارِيَةَ، فَأَدْخَلَهَا بَيْتَ حَفْصَةَ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا، فَأَتَتْ حَفْصَةُ فَوَجَدَتِ الْبَابَ مُغْلَقًا، فَجَلَسَتْ عِنْدَ الْبَابِ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ فَرْعٌ وَوَجْهُهُ يَقْطُرُ عَرَقًا وَحَفْصَةُ تَبْكِي، فَقَالَ: "" مَا يُبْكِيكِ؟ "" فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّمَا أَذِنْتَ لِي مِنْ أَجْلِ هَذَا، أَدْخَلْتَ أَمَتَكَ بَيْتِي، ثُمَّ وَقَعْتَ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى فِرَاشِي، مَا كُنْتَ تَصْنَعُ هَذَا بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ!! أَمَا وَاللَّهِ مَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ هَذَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟! فَقَالَ: "" وَاللَّهِ مَا صَدَقْتِ أَلَيْسَ هِيَ جَارِيَتِي قَدْ أَحَلَّهَا اللَّهُ لِي؟ أُشْهِدُكِ أَنَّهَا عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ، أَلْتَمِسُ بِذَلِكَ رِضَاكِ، انْظُرِي لَا تُخْبِرِي بِذَلِكَ امْرَأَةً مِنْهُنَّ فَهِيَ عِنْدَكِ أَمَانَةٌ "" فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَرَعَتْ حَفْصَةُ الْجِدَارَ الَّذِي بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَتْ: أَلَا أَبْشِرِي فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ حَرَّمَ أَمَتَهُ، فَقَدْ أَرَاحَنَا اللَّهُ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَرِيبُنِي أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُقْتَلُ مِنْ أَجْلِهَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ} [التحريم: 1] ثُمَّ قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ فَهِيَ عَائِشَةُ وَحَفْصَةُ، وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمَا كَانَتَا لَا تَكْتُمُ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى شَيْئًا. وَكَانَ لِي أَخٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِذَا حَضَرْتُ وَغَابَ فِي بَعْضِ ضَيْعَتِهِ حَدَّثْتُهُ بِمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَإِذَا غِبْتُ فِي بَعْضِ ضَيْعَتِي حَدَّثَنِي، فَأَتَانِي يَوْمًا وَقَدْ كُنَّا نَتَخَوَّفُ جَبَلَةَ بْنَ الْأَيْهَمِ الْغَسَّانِيَّ فَقَالَ: مَا دَرَيْتَ مَا كَانَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ لَعَلَّهُ جَبَلَةُ بْنُ الْأَيْهَمِ الْغَسَّانِيُّ تَذْكُرُ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَلَكِنَّهُ أَشَدَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ كَمَا كَانَ يَجْلِسُ، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِ كَمَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ، وَقَدِ اعْتَزَلَ فِي مَشْرَبَتِهِ، وَقَدْ تَرَكَ النَّاسَ يَمُوجُونَ، وَلَا يَدْرُونَ مَا شَأْنُهُ، فَأَتَيْتُ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَمُوجُونَ وَلَا يَدْرُونَ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كَمَا أَنْتُمْ، ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ فِي مَشْرَبَتِهِ قَدْ جُعِلَتْ لَهُ عَجَلَةٌ فَرَقَى عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ لِغُلَامٍ لَهُ أَسْوَدَ وَكَانَ يَحْجُبُهُ: اسْتَأْذِنْ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ لِي، فَدَخَلْتُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي مَشْرَبَتِهِ فِيهَا حَصِيرٌ وَأَهَبٌ مُعَلَّقَةٌ، وَقَدْ أَفْضَى لِجَنْبِهِ إِلَى الْحَصِيرِ فَأَثَّرَ الْحَصِيرُ فِي جَنْبِهِ، وَتَحْتَ رَأْسِهِ وِسَادَةٌ مِنْ أَدَمٍ مَحْشُوَّةٌ لِيفًا، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ بَكَيْتُ، فَقَالَ: "" مَا يُبْكِيكَ؟ "" فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَارِسُ وَالرُّومُ يَضْطَجِعُ أَحَدُهُمْ فِي الدِّيبَاجِ وَالْحَرِيرِ فَقَالَ: "" إِنَّهُمْ عُجِّلَتْ لَهُمْ طَيِّبَاتُهُمْ، وَالْآخِرَةُ لَنَا "" فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ فَإِنِّي تَرَكْتُ النَّاسَ يَمُوجُ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي بَعْضٍ، فَعَنْ خَبَرٍ أَتَاكَ، فَقَالَ: أَعْتَزِلْهُنَّ فَقَالَ: "" لَا وَلَكِنْ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ أَزْوَاجِي شَيْءٌ، فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ لَا أَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَهْرًا "" ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ارْجِعُوا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَزْوَاجِهِ شَيْءٌ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَعْتَزِلَ. ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ فَقُلْتُ: يَا بُنَيَّةُ أَتُكَلِّمِينَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَتَغِيظِينَهُ وَتَغَارِينَ عَلَيْهِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: لَا أُكَلِّمُهُ بَعْدُ بِشَيْءٍ يَكْرَهُهُ، ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَكَانَتْ خَالَتِي، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا كَمَا قُلْتُ لِحَفْصَةَ فَقَالَتْ: عَجَبًا لَكَ يَا عُمَرُ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ تَكَلَّمْتَ فِيهِ حَتَّى تُرِيدَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبَيْنَ أَزْوَاجِهِ، وَمَا يَمْنَعُنَا أَنْ نَغَارَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ يَغَرْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا} [الأحزاب: 28] حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهَا». قُلْتُ: لِعُمَرَ حَدِيثٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِاخْتِصَارٍ كَثِيرٍ. رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ: ثِقَةٌ مَأْمُونٌ، وَضَعَّفَهُ أَحْمَدُ وَغَيْرُهُ.
EnglishUnverified translation
Ibn ʿAbbās رضي الله عنهما said: I wished to ask ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, "If you two support one another against him" [Al-Taḥrīm: 4], but I held him in awe. When we performed Ḥajj with him, I said, "If I do not ask him during this Ḥajj, I shall never ask him." When we completed our Ḥajj, I caught up with him at Baṭn Marr, where he had stayed behind for some need. He said, "Welcome, O cousin of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—what is your need?" I said, "Something I wished to ask you about, O Commander of the Faithful, but I held you in awe." He said, "Ask me whatever you wish, for we knew nothing until we learned it." I said, "Tell me about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, 'If you two support one another against him'—who are they?" He said, "You ask none more knowledgeable of that than me. When we were in Makkah, none of us spoke with his wife—she was but a servant of the house; when he had a need, he took her by the foot and fulfilled his need. When we came to Madinah, our wives learned from the women of the Anṣār, and began speaking to us and answering us back. I once ordered some servants of mine concerning a need, and my wife said, 'Rather do such-and-such.' I rose toward her with a stick and struck her with it. She said, 'How strange you are, O son of al-Khaṭṭāb! You wish not to be spoken to, yet the wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ speak to him!' So I went out and entered upon Ḥafṣah, saying, 'O my daughter, beware speaking to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or asking him, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has neither dinar nor dirham to give you. Whatever need you have—even oil for your head—ask me for it.' When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed Fajr, he would sit in his prayer place with the people around him until the sun rose, then enter upon his wives one by one, greeting them and supplicating for them, staying with whichever one's day it was. Once Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar was gifted a vial of honey from Ṭāʾif. When the Prophet ﷺ entered and greeted her, she detained him and gave him honey to eat or drink. ʿĀʾishah was troubled that he stayed with her, so she told her Abyssinian slave girl Khaḍrāʾ, 'When the Prophet ﷺ visits Ḥafṣah, go and see what he does.' The girl told ʿĀʾishah that he drinks honey there. ʿĀʾishah sent word to her companions, saying, 'When the Prophet ﷺ comes to you, say: we smell maghāfīr upon you.' When the Prophet ﷺ came to ʿĀʾishah, she said, 'O Messenger of Allah, have you eaten anything today? I smell maghāfīr upon you.' He disliked any odor being perceived from him, and said: > **"It was only honey. By Allah, I shall never eat it again."** When Ḥafṣah's day came, she said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I have business with my father—my allowance is with him; if you permit me, I shall go to him.' He permitted her. Then the Prophet ﷺ sent for his slave girl Māriyah, who came to Ḥafṣah's house, and he was intimate with her there. Ḥafṣah returned meanwhile to find the door closed, and sat at the door. When the Prophet ﷺ came out, she said, 'O Messenger of Allah, in my house and upon my bed?' He said: > **"She is unlawful for me. Do not mention this to anyone."** She mentioned it to ʿĀʾishah. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: 'O Prophet, why do you forbid what Allah has made lawful for you' [Al-Taḥrīm: 1]. By the two, He meant ʿĀʾishah and Ḥafṣah—people said the two concealed nothing from one another. Then ʿUmar said: I had a brother among the Anṣār—when I attended and he was absent at his estate, I told him what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, and when I was absent at my estate, he told me. One day he came to me—while we feared Jabalah ibn al-Ayham al-Ghassānī—and said, 'Do you know what has happened?' I said, 'What? Perhaps Jabalah ibn al-Ayham al-Ghassānī approaches?' He said, 'No, but worse than that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed Fajr but did not sit as he used to sit, nor visit his wives as he used to do. He has secluded himself in his upper room, leaving the people in turmoil, not knowing his affair.' So I came while the people in the mosque were in turmoil, unknowing. I said, 'O people, stay as you are.' Then I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his upper room, for which a ladder had been set, and climbed it. I said to his black servant who guarded him, 'Seek permission for ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb.' He sought permission for me, and I entered. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in his upper room with a mat, hanging skins, his side bare against the mat so that it marked his side, and beneath his head a pillow of leather stuffed with fiber. When I saw him, I wept. He said: > **"What makes you weep?"** I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, Persia and Rome—one of them reclines upon brocade and silk!' He said: > **"Their good things have been hastened for them, and the Hereafter is for us."** I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, what is your affair? I left the people in turmoil awaiting word from you.' He said: > **"I have secluded myself from them."** I said, 'Have you divorced them?' He said: > **"No, but something arose between me and my wives, so I wished not to enter upon them for a month."** Then I went out to the people, saying, 'O people, return, for there is a matter between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his wives, and he wished seclusion.' Then I entered upon Ḥafṣah, saying, 'O my daughter, do you speak to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, anger him, and show jealousy toward him?' She said, 'I shall never again speak to him of anything he dislikes.' Then I entered upon Umm Salamah—she was my maternal aunt—saying to her as I said to Ḥafṣah. She said, 'How strange you are, O ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb! You speak on every matter, until you wish to come between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his wives! What prevents us from being jealous over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when your own wives are jealous over you?' So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: 'O Prophet, say to your wives: if you desire the life of this world and its adornment, come, I shall provide for you and release you with a gracious release' [Al-Aḥzāb: 28] to its end.