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9. At-Tawba

The Repentance · Medinan · 129 ayahs

سُورَةُ التَّوۡبَةِ

Reading Al-Muyassar fi Gharib al-Qur'an

Ayahs 81–90 of 129

81

فَرِحَ ٱلْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَٰفَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوٓا۟ أَن يُجَٰهِدُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَالُوا۟ لَا تَنفِرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْحَرِّ ۗ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّۭا ۚ لَّوْ كَانُوا۟ يَفْقَهُونَ

Those who remained behind rejoiced in their staying [at home] after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allah and disliked to strive with their wealth and their lives in the cause of Allah and said, "Do not go forth in the heat." Say, "The fire of Hell is more intensive in heat" - if they would but understand.

﴿ٱلۡمُخَلَّفُونَ﴾: الذين تخلَّفُوا عن الجهادِ في غزوةِ «تبوكَ».

﴿بِمَقۡعَدِهِمۡ﴾: أي: بقُعودِهم.

﴿خِلَـٰفَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ﴾: مخالِفِين رسولَ الله ﷺ.

﴿لَا تَنفِرُواْ﴾: لا تَخْرُجُوا إلى الجهادِ.

82

فَلْيَضْحَكُوا۟ قَلِيلًۭا وَلْيَبْكُوا۟ كَثِيرًۭا جَزَآءًۢ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ

So let them laugh a little and [then] weep much as recompense for what they used to earn.

﴿قَلِيلࣰا﴾: في الدنيا.

﴿كَثِيرࣰا﴾: في الآخرةِ.

83

فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَىٰ طَآئِفَةٍۢ مِّنْهُمْ فَٱسْتَـْٔذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُل لَّن تَخْرُجُوا۟ مَعِىَ أَبَدًۭا وَلَن تُقَٰتِلُوا۟ مَعِىَ عَدُوًّا ۖ إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُم بِٱلْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍۢ فَٱقْعُدُوا۟ مَعَ ٱلْخَٰلِفِينَ

If Allah should return you to a faction of them [after the expedition] and then they ask your permission to go out [to battle], say, "You will not go out with me, ever, and you will never fight with me an enemy. Indeed, you were satisfied with sitting [at home] the first time, so sit [now] with those who stay behind."

﴿أَوَّلَ مَرَّةࣲ﴾: هي غزوةُ «تبوكَ».

﴿ٱلۡخَـٰلِفِينَ﴾: المتخلِّفين عن الجهادِ كالنِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ.

84

وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَىٰٓ أَحَدٍۢ مِّنْهُم مَّاتَ أَبَدًۭا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَىٰ قَبْرِهِۦٓ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَمَاتُوا۟ وَهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

And do not pray [the funeral prayer, O Muhammad], over any of them who has died - ever - or stand at his grave. Indeed, they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died while they were defiantly disobedient.

﴿وَلَا تَقُمۡ عَلَىٰ قَبۡرِهِۦٓ﴾: لأجلِ الدَّفْنِ، أو الزيارةِ، أو الدعاءِ له.

85

وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَٰلُهُمْ وَأَوْلَٰدُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُعَذِّبَهُم بِهَا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَٰفِرُونَ

And let not their wealth and their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through them in this world and that their souls should depart [at death] while they are disbelievers.

﴿أَن يُعَذِّبَهُم بِهَا﴾: بما يَلْقَون من التعب في جَمْعِها، وبالمصائبِ التي تقعُ فيها.

﴿وَتَزۡهَقَ﴾: تَخْرُجَ.

86

وَإِذَآ أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَجَٰهِدُوا۟ مَعَ رَسُولِهِ ٱسْتَـْٔذَنَكَ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالُوا۟ ذَرْنَا نَكُن مَّعَ ٱلْقَٰعِدِينَ

And when a surah was revealed [enjoining them] to believe in Allah and to fight with His Messenger, those of wealth among them asked your permission [to stay back] and said, "Leave us to be with them who sit [at home]."

﴿أُوْلُواْ ٱلطَّوۡلِ﴾: أصحابُ الغِنى والمقدرةِ على الجهادِ.

﴿ذَرۡنَا﴾: اتْرُكْنا.

87

رَضُوا۟ بِأَن يَكُونُوا۟ مَعَ ٱلْخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ

They were satisfied to be with those who stay behind, and their hearts were sealed over, so they do not understand.

﴿ٱلۡخَوَالِفِ﴾: جَمعُ خالِفة، ويقال للمرأةِ والرجل، والمرادُ: النِّساءُ اللاتي تخلَّفْنَ في البيوتِ، أو الرجالُ العاجزون عن القتال.

﴿وَطُبِعَ﴾: ختمَ اللهُ.

88

لَٰكِنِ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مَعَهُۥ جَٰهَدُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ ۚ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱلْخَيْرَٰتُ ۖ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ

But the Messenger and those who believed with him fought with their wealth and their lives. Those will have [all that is] good, and it is those who are the successful.

﴿ٱلۡخَيۡرَ ٰ⁠تُ﴾: في الدنيا والآخرةِ.

89

أَعَدَّ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّٰتٍۢ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ

Allah has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide eternally. That is the great attainment.

Explained together with ayah 88

90

وَجَآءَ ٱلْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ ۚ سَيُصِيبُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ

And those with excuses among the bedouins came to be permitted [to remain], and they who had lied to Allah and His Messenger sat [at home]. There will strike those who disbelieved among them a painful punishment.

﴿ٱلۡمُعَذِّرُونَ﴾: المعتذرون بأعذارٍ كاذبةٍ عن عدمِ الخروجِ للغَزْوِ.

﴿ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ﴾: سُكّانِ الباديةِ.

﴿وَقَعَدَ﴾: عن الغزوِ لغيرِ عُذْرٍ.

Commentary: Al-Muyassar fi Gharib al-Qur'an. Qur'an text and translation via AlQuran Cloud.