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9. At-Tawba

The Repentance · Medinan · 129 ayahs

سُورَةُ التَّوۡبَةِ

Reading Al-Muyassar fi Gharib al-Qur'an

Ayahs 111–120 of 129

111

۞ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱشْتَرَىٰ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَٰلَهُم بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلْجَنَّةَ ۚ يُقَٰتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَيُقْتَلُونَ ۖ وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّۭا فِى ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِ وَٱلْإِنجِيلِ وَٱلْقُرْءَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ أَوْفَىٰ بِعَهْدِهِۦ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ فَٱسْتَبْشِرُوا۟ بِبَيْعِكُمُ ٱلَّذِى بَايَعْتُم بِهِۦ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ

Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties [in exchange] for that they will have Paradise. They fight in the cause of Allah, so they kill and are killed. [It is] a true promise [binding] upon Him in the Torah and the Gospel and the Qur'an. And who is truer to his covenant than Allah? So rejoice in your transaction which you have contracted. And it is that which is the great attainment.

﴿فَٱسۡتَبۡشِرُواْ﴾: أظْهِرُوا السُّرورَ.

At-Tawba 9:111Listen in Qur'an →
112

ٱلتَّٰٓئِبُونَ ٱلْعَٰبِدُونَ ٱلْحَٰمِدُونَ ٱلسَّٰٓئِحُونَ ٱلرَّٰكِعُونَ ٱلسَّٰجِدُونَ ٱلْءَامِرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَٱلنَّاهُونَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَٱلْحَٰفِظُونَ لِحُدُودِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

[Such believers are] the repentant, the worshippers, the praisers [of Allah], the travelers [for His cause], those who bow and prostrate [in prayer], those who enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, and those who observe the limits [set by] Allah. And give good tidings to the believers.

﴿ٱلسَّـٰٓئِحُونَ﴾: الصّائمون.

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113

مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِىِّ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَن يَسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوٓا۟ أُو۟لِى قُرْبَىٰ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلْجَحِيمِ

It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of Hellfire.

Explained together with ayah 112

At-Tawba 9:113Listen in Qur'an →
114

وَمَا كَانَ ٱسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَن مَّوْعِدَةٍۢ وَعَدَهَآ إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُۥٓ أَنَّهُۥ عَدُوٌّۭ لِّلَّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ ۚ إِنَّ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ لَأَوَّٰهٌ حَلِيمٌۭ

And the request of forgiveness of Abraham for his father was only because of a promise he had made to him. But when it became apparent to Abraham that his father was an enemy to Allah, he disassociated himself from him. Indeed was Abraham compassionate and patient.

﴿مَّوۡعِدَةࣲ وَعَدَهَآ إِيَّاهُ﴾: وهي الاستغفارُ له.

﴿لَأَوَّ ٰ⁠هٌ﴾: كثيرُ التضرُّعِ إلى اللهِ.

﴿حَلِيمࣱ﴾: صَبُورٌ على الأذى، كثيرُ الصَّفْحِ عَمَّن نالَه بمَكْروه.

At-Tawba 9:114Listen in Qur'an →
115

وَمَا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ لِيُضِلَّ قَوْمًۢا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَىٰهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يُبَيِّنَ لَهُم مَّا يَتَّقُونَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

And Allah would not let a people stray after He has guided them until He makes clear to them what they should avoid. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things.

﴿مَّا يَتَّقُونَ﴾: ما يَجِبُ عليهم اتقاؤُه من المُحَرَّماتِ.

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116

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ يُحْىِۦ وَيُمِيتُ ۚ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مِن وَلِىٍّۢ وَلَا نَصِيرٍۢ

Indeed, to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; He gives life and causes death. And you have not besides Allah any protector or any helper.

﴿وَلِيࣲّ﴾: يَتَوَلّى أمورَكم وينفَعُكم.

﴿وَلَا نَصِيرࣲ﴾: يَنْصُرُكم ويَدْفَعُ عنكم ما أنتم فيه.

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117

لَّقَد تَّابَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَى ٱلنَّبِىِّ وَٱلْمُهَٰجِرِينَ وَٱلْأَنصَارِ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُ فِى سَاعَةِ ٱلْعُسْرَةِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ فَرِيقٍۢ مِّنْهُمْ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِهِمْ رَءُوفٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ

Allah has already forgiven the Prophet and the Muhajireen and the Ansar who followed him in the hour of difficulty after the hearts of a party of them had almost inclined [to doubt], and then He forgave them. Indeed, He was to them Kind and Merciful.

﴿سَاعَةِ ٱلۡعُسۡرَةِ﴾: وقتِ الشِّدةِ، وهي غزوةُ «تبوكَ».

﴿يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ﴾: تميلُ إلى التخَلُّفِ عن الجهادِ.

﴿بِهِمۡ رَءُوفࣱ﴾: كثيرُ الرأفةِ والرحمةِ بهم في عاجِلِهم وآجِلِهم.

At-Tawba 9:117Listen in Qur'an →
118

وَعَلَى ٱلثَّلَٰثَةِ ٱلَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا۟ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنفُسُهُمْ وَظَنُّوٓا۟ أَن لَّا مَلْجَأَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَّآ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَتُوبُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

And [He also forgave] the three who were left behind [and regretted their error] to the point that the earth closed in on them in spite of its vastness and their souls confined them and they were certain that there is no refuge from Allah except in Him. Then He turned to them so they could repent. Indeed, Allah is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.

﴿وَعَلَى ٱلثَّلَـٰثَةِ﴾: أي: وتابَ على الثلاثةِ، وهم: كَعْبُ بنُ مالك، وهِلالُ ابنُ أميةَ، ومُرارةُ بنُ الرَّبِيعِ.

﴿خُلِّفُواْ﴾: تَخَلَّفوا عن الجهادِ في غزوةِ «تبوكَ».

﴿بِمَا رَحُبَتۡ﴾: أي: مع سَعَتِها؛ ندمًا بسبب تَخَلُّفِهم عن الغزوِ.

﴿وَظَنُّوٓاْ﴾: أيقنوا.

﴿ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ﴾: وفَّقهم اللهُ للتوبةِ.

﴿لِيَتُوبُوٓاْ﴾: ليستمِرُّوا على التوبةِ ويثبتُوا عليها.

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119

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَكُونُوا۟ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ

O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are true.

Explained together with ayah 118

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120

مَا كَانَ لِأَهْلِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُوا۟ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَرْغَبُوا۟ بِأَنفُسِهِمْ عَن نَّفْسِهِۦ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌۭ وَلَا نَصَبٌۭ وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌۭ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَـُٔونَ مَوْطِئًۭا يَغِيظُ ٱلْكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّۢ نَّيْلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عَمَلٌۭ صَٰلِحٌ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ

It was not [proper] for the people of Madinah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allah or that they prefer themselves over his self. That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allah, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allah does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.

﴿مَا كَانَ لِأَهۡلِ ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ﴾: أي: ليس لهم.

﴿وَلَا يَرۡغَبُواْ بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَن نَّفۡسِهِۦ﴾: لا يَرْضَوْا لها بالراحة، ورسولُ الله ﷺ في تعبٍ ومشقةٍ.

﴿ظَمَأࣱ﴾: عَطَشٌ.

﴿وَلَا نَصَبࣱ﴾: تَعَبٌ.

﴿وَلَا مَخۡمَصَةࣱ﴾: جُوعٌ شديدٌ.

﴿مَوۡطِئࣰا﴾: مكانًا.

﴿يَغِيظُ﴾: يُغْضِبُ.

﴿نَّيۡلًا﴾: بقَتْلٍ، أو أسْرٍ، أو جِراحَةٍ، أو غنيمةٍ ونحوِها.

At-Tawba 9:120Listen in Qur'an →

Commentary: Al-Muyassar fi Gharib al-Qur'an. Qur'an text and translation via AlQuran Cloud.