[6/402] 2570 - حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ حَاطِبَ بْنَ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى الْمُقَوْقِسِ صَاحِبِ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ يَعْنِي بِكِتَابِهِ مَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ ، فَقَبِلَ كِتَابَهُ وَأَكْرَمَ حَاطِبًا وَأَحْسَنَ نُزُلَهُ ، ثُمَّ سَرَّحَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَأَهْدَى لَهُ مَعَ حَاطِبٍ كُسْوَةً وَبَغْلَةً بِسَرْجِهَا وَجَارِيَتَيْنِ : إِحْدَاهُمَا أُمُّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، وَأَمَّا الْأُخْرَى فَوَهَبَهَا لِجَهْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْعَبْدَرِيِّ ، فَهِيَ أُمُّ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ جَهْمٍ الَّذِي كَانَ خَلِيفَةً لِعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَلَى مِصْرَ . قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : وَإِنَّمَا أَدْخَلْنَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ لِأَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيَّ مِمَّنْ وُلِدَ فِي زَمَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيُقَالُ : إِنَّهُ قَدْ رَآهُ فَدَخَلَ بِذَلِكَ فِي صَحَابَتِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . [6/403] [6/404] فَسَأَلَ سَائِلٌ عَنِ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي بِهِ رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ عِيَاضٍ هَدِيَّتَهُ ، وَعَنِ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي بِهِ قَبِلَ مِنَ الْمُقَوْقِسِ هَدِيَّتَهُ وَكِلَاهُمَا كَافِرٌ . فَكَانَ جَوَابُنَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِتَوْفِيقِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَوْنِهِ أَنَّ كُفْرَ عِيَاضٍ كَانَ كُفْرَ شِرْكٍ بِاللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَجُحُودٍ لِلْبَعْثِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْمَوْتِ ، وَكُفْرَ الْمُقَوْقِسِ لَمْ يَكُنْ كَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مُقِرًّا بِالْبَعْثِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْمَوْتِ وَمُؤْمِنًا بِنَبِيٍّ مِنْ أَنْبِيَاءِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عِيسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَكَانَ عِيَاضٌ وَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مَطْلُوبِينَ بِالزَّوَالِ عَنْ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَبِتَرْكِهِ إِلَى ضِدِّهِ وَهُوَ التَّصْدِيقُ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَالْإِيمَانُ بِهِ . وَكَانَ الْمُقَوْقِسُ وَمَنْ سِوَاهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَطْلُوبِينَ بِالتَّصْدِيقِ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَالْإِيمَانِ بِهِ ، وَالثُّبُوتِ عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دِينِ عِيسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَكَانَ عِيَاضٌ وَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرَ مَأْكُولَةٍ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ وَلَا مَنْكُوحَةٍ نِسَاؤُهُمْ ، وَكَانَ الْمُقَوْقِسُ وَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مَأْكُولَةً ذَبَائِحُهُمْ وَمَنْكُوحَةً نِسَاؤُهُمْ ، فَكَانَ الْفَرِيقَانِ وَإِنْ كَانُوا جَمِيعًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ يَخْتَلِفُ كُفْرُهُمْ وَتَتَبَايَنُ أَحْكَامُهُمْ ، وَكَانَ كُلُّ شِرْكٍ بِاللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ كُفْرًا ، وَلَيْسَ كُلُّ كُفْرٍ بِاللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ شِرْكًا ، وَكَانَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ أَمَرَ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ لَا يُجَادِلَ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ بِقَوْلِهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ : { وَلا تُجَادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ إِلا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ } . [6/405] فَدَخَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمُقَوْقِسُ وَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ التَّمَسُّكِ بِالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى عِيسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الَّذِينَ يَجْحَدُونَ كُتُبَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الَّتِي أَنْزَلَهَا عَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِ صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِمْ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَبِلَ هَدِيَّةَ مَنْ أَمَرَهُ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ لَا يُجَادِلَهُ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَحْسَنَ قَبُولُ هَدِيَّتِهِ مِنْهُ ، وَرَدُّ هَدَايَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ ، وَلِأَنَّ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَمَرَهُ بِمُنَابَذَتِهِمْ وَبِقِتَالِهِمْ حَتَّى يَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَفَصَلَ بَيْنَهُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَخَالَفَ بَيْنَ أَسْمَائِهِمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا نَسَبَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ : { إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا } وَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ ، وَالصَّابِئِينَ وَهُمْ أُمَّةٌ بَيْنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى ، لَهُمْ أَحْكَامٌ سَنَأْتِي بِهَا فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ مِنْ كِتَابِنَا هَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ ، وَالنَّصَارَى وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُقَوْقِسُ ، وَالْمَجُوسُ وَهُمْ مُشْرِكُو الْعَجَمِ الَّذِينَ لَا يُقِرُّونَ بِبَعْثٍ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ كُتُبِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الَّتِي أَنْزَلَهَا عَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِ وَهُمْ فِي الْعَجَمِ كَعَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ فِي الْعَرَبِ ، إِلَّا فِيمَا يُخَالِفُونَهُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ أَخْذِ الْجِزْيَةِ مِنْهُمْ لِمَا قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِمَّا قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مِنَّا فِي كِتَابِنَا هَذَا ، وَالَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا وَهُمْ عَبَدَةُ الْأَوْثَانِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ الَّذِينَ لَا يُقِرُّونَ بِبَعْثٍ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ كُتُبِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ مِنْ تَفْرِيقِهِ بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ فِي الْأَسْمَاءِ ، وَفِي الْأَحْكَامِ .
EnglishUnverified translation
2570 - Yunus ibn Abd al-Ala narrated to us, he said: Abd Allah ibn Wahb narrated to us, he said: Yunus ibn Yazid informed me, from Ibn Shihab, he said: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Qari narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent Hatib ibn Abi Baltaah to al-Muqawqis, ruler of Alexandria, with his letter to him. He accepted his letter, honored Hatib and made his hospitality good, then sent him back to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and gifted him with Hatib clothing, a mule with its saddle, and two slave girls, one of them the mother of Ibrahim, and as for the other he granted her to Jahm ibn Qays al-Abdari, and she is the mother of Zakariyya ibn Jahm, who was deputy of Amr ibn al-As over Egypt. Abu Jafar said: We only entered this hadith in this chapter because Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Qari is among those born in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and it is said he saw him, so he thereby entered into his companionship. A questioner asked about the reason the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) rejected the gift from Iyad, and the reason he accepted the gift from al-Muqawqis, while both were disbelievers. Our answer to him therein, by the guidance of Allah Almighty and His help, was that the disbelief of Iyad was disbelief of associating partners with Allah Almighty and denial of resurrection after death, while the disbelief of al-Muqawqis was not so, for he affirmed resurrection after death and believed in a prophet among the prophets of Allah Almighty, namely Isa (peace be upon him). Iyad and those like him were required to depart from what they were upon and leave it for its opposite, namely affirming the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and believing in him. Al-Muqawqis and other People of the Book were required to affirm the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and believe in him, while remaining upon what they were of the religion of Isa (peace be upon him). The slaughtered animals of Iyad and those like him were not eaten, nor their women married, while the slaughtered animals of al-Muqawqis and those like him were eaten and their women married. So the two groups, though all among the people of disbelief, differed in their disbelief and their rulings diverged. Every association with Allah Almighty is disbelief, but not every disbelief in Allah Almighty is association. Allah Almighty had commanded His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) not to dispute the People of the Book except in the best manner, by His saying: And do not dispute the People of the Book except in the best manner. Into that entered al-Muqawqis and those like him who held to the Book sent down upon Isa (peace be upon him), while the polytheists who deny the Books of Allah Almighty sent down upon His prophets, the blessings of Allah upon them, were otherwise. So he accepted the gift of one whom his Lord Almighty commanded him to dispute only in the best manner, for the best is to accept his gift, and he rejected the gifts of the polytheists, for they are otherwise, and because his Lord Almighty commanded him to disavow them and fight them until religion is all for Allah Almighty. He distinguished between them in His Book, differing their names and what He ascribed to them, saying: Those who believed, and those who were Jews, and the Sabeans, and the Christians, among whom was al-Muqawqis, and the Magians, who are the associators of the non-Arabs who affirm no resurrection and believe in no Book among the Books of Allah Almighty sent down upon His prophets, and they are among the non-Arabs like idol worshippers among the Arabs except in what they differ in of taking jizyah from them, as we mentioned, and those who associated, namely the idol worshippers among the Arabs who affirm no resurrection and believe in no Book. Likewise was the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in his sermon at the Farewell Hajj, distinguishing between these two groups in names and rulings.
