2136 - حَدَّثَنَا فَهْدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ . وَحَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثُمَّ اجْتَمَعَا فَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ : قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي [5/381] عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ نَجِيحٍ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ فَهْدٍ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي الْقُرْآنِ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْنَا اسْتُبْدِلُوا ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَنَا ؟ قَالَ : وَكَانَ سَلْمَانُ إِلَى جَنْبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخِذَ سَلْمَانَ وَقَالَ : هَذَا وَقَوْمُهُ ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ كَانَ الْإِيمَانُ بِالثُّرَيَّا لَنَالَهُ رِجَالٌ مِنْ فَارِسَ . قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : وَالَّذِي حَمَلَنَا عَلَى أَنْ أَتَيْنَا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الثَّانِي وَإِنْ كَانَ فَاسِدَ الْإِسْنَادِ بِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْهُ ، وَهُوَ أَبُو عَلِيِّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ لِإِجْمَاعِ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى تَرْكِ رِوَايَتِهِ خَوْفَ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فَيَعُودُ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ ، لِأَنَّهُ أَحَدُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْهُ ، وَمَعَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ مِنَ الْجَلَالَةِ وَالتَّقَدُّمِ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالتَّثَبُّتِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ مَا مَعَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَيَعُدُّنَا مَنْ وَقَفَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ تَارِكِينَ لِحَدِيثٍ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ لَا يَحْسُنُ مِنْ مِثْلِنَا تَرْكُهُ عَنْهُ فَذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ لِذَلِكَ . ثُمَّ تَأَمَّلْنَا مَعْنَى مَا فِيهِ فَوَجَدْنَاهُ وَعِيدًا شَدِيدًا لِلْمَذْكُورِينَ فِيهِ إِنْ تَوَلَّوْا مِنِ اسْتِبْدَالِ غَيْرِهِمْ بِهِمْ مِمَّنْ لَا يَكُونُونَ أَمْثَالَهُمْ فِيهِ ، فَوَجَدْنَا أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هُمُ الْمُخَاطَبُونَ بِذَلِكَ إِنْ تَوَلَّوْا ، فَلَمْ يَتَوَلَّوْا بِحَمْدِ اللهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ ، فَيَسْتَحِقُّوا ذَلِكَ الْوَعِيدَ رِضْوَانُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِمْ ، [5/382] وَوَجَدْنَا الْوَعِيدَ قَدْ يُقْصَدُ بِهِ إِلَى مَنْ يُرَادُ بِهِ غَيْرُهُ ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : { وَلَقَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ لَئِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ وَلَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ } ، وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا عَلِمَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ تَوَلَّاهُ وَأَعْصَمَهُ ، وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ رِضْوَانَهُ وَجَنَّتَهُ ، وَكَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِذَلِكَ الْوَعِيدِ غَيْرَهُ بِمَعْنًى أَيْ : لَمَّا كَانَتْ مَنْزِلَتُهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةَ الَّتِي لَيْسَتْ لِغَيْرِهِ ، وَكَانَ إِنْ أَشْرَكَ لَحِقَهُ الْوَعِيدُ الَّذِي فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، وَالشِّرْكُ لَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ مَنْ قَدْ يَكُونُ الشِّرْكُ إِذَا أَشْرَكَ بِذَلِكَ الْوَعِيدِ أَوْلَى وَبِوُقُوعِهِ بِهِ أَحْرَى . وَمِثْلُ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : { وَلَوْ تَقَوَّلَ عَلَيْنَا بَعْضَ الأَقَاوِيلِ * لأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُ بِالْيَمِينِ * ثُمَّ لَقَطَعْنَا مِنْهُ الْوَتِينَ } قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : الْوَتِينُ : نِيَاطُ الْقَلْبِ ، ثُمَّ قَدْ عَلِمَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ ، فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَوْ كَانَ مِنْهُ حَلَّ لَهُ هَذَا الْوَعِيدُ لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ وَفِيهِمْ مَنْ هُوَ مُوهَمٌ مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْصِمْهُ عَنْهُ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنَّهُمْ بِحُلُولِ ذَلِكَ الْوَعِيدِ بِهِمْ إِذَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ أَوْلَى وَبِوُقُوعِهِ بِهِمْ أَحْرَى ، فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُمْ : { وَإِنْ تَتَوَلَّوْا يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ } وَهُمْ خِيرَتُهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَقَدْ أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ مَا أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ كَرَامَتِهِ وَرِضْوَانِهِ بِمَا لَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُمْ مَعَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا التَّوَلِّي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْوَعِيدُ لِسِوَاهُمْ مِمَّنْ قَدْ يَجُوزُ تَوَلِّيهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَيَكُونُ بِتَوَلِّيهِ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ ذَلِكَ الْوَعِيدِ وَيَكُونُ حَرِيًّا بِوُقُوعِهِ بِهِ ، وَاللهَ تَعَالَى نَسْأَلُهُ التَّوْفِيقَ .
EnglishUnverified translation
2136 - Fahd ibn Sulayman narrated to us, he said: Ali ibn Maabad narrated to us. And Yusuf ibn Yazid narrated to us, he said: Hajjaj ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, then they agreed and each said: Ismail ibn Jafar narrated to us, he said: Abdullah ibn Jafar ibn Najih narrated to me, from al-Ala ibn Abd al-Rahman, from his father, from Abu Hurayra, he said: Some Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, in Fahd's hadith: O Messenger of Allah, who are those whom Allah mentioned in the Quran, if we turn away replaced then not like us? He said: While Salman was beside the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) struck the thigh of Salman and said: This and his people. By Him in Whose hand is my soul, had faith been at the Pleiades, men of Persia would have attained it. Abu Jafar said: And what carried us to bring this second hadith, though its isnad is corrupt by Abdullah ibn Jafar whom Ismail ibn Jafar narrated from, and he is Abu Ali ibn al-Madini, for the unanimity of hadith people upon leaving his narration, was fear a man would take it out of this isnad and the hadith would return to Ismail ibn Jafar from al-Ala, for he is one of the narrators from him, and with Ismail is of majesty, precedence in knowledge and firmness in narration what is thereof, so whoever stands upon that would count us leaving a hadith in this chapter unbecoming our like to leave from him, so we mentioned it in this chapter for that. Then we considered the meaning therein and found it a severe threat to those mentioned therein if they turn away, of replacement by others unlike them therein, so we found the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) are those addressed thereby if they turn away, but they did not turn away, praise and favor be to Allah, so they do not deserve that threat, may Allah be pleased with them. And we found threat may be intended toward one while another is meant, and of that is Allah's saying to His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): And it was revealed to you and to those before you: If you associate, your deeds will be nullified and you will be of the losers, while of what Allah knew He will not have it from him, for He undertook him and protected him and prepared for him His pleasure and Paradise, and the intended by that threat was other, meaning: Since his rank (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with Allah was this rank which is for none else, and were he to associate the threat in this verse would befall him, while association will not be from him, then whoever association may be from, when he associates, is worthier of that threat and likelier of its befalling him. And like Allah's saying to him: And had he fabricated against Us some sayings, We would have seized him by the right, then cut from him the lifeline. Abu Jafar said: Al-watin is the heart's aorta. Then He knew that will not be from him, so He informed them that had that been from him this threat would befall, that they may know if that is from them, and of them is one imagined it may be from him if his Lord does not protect him therefrom, that they by that threat's befalling them when it is from them are worthier and its befalling them likelier. So like that is His saying to them: And if you turn away He will replace you with a people other than you, while they are His choice for His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and He prepared for them what He prepared in the Hereafter of His honor and pleasure with what will not be from them therewith in this world of turning away from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), so that threat was for others than them who may turn away, and by his turning away he is of that threat's people and deserving of its befalling him, and we ask Allah تعالى for guidance.