1980 - حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ رِجَالٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ … ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ [5/231] بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : فَاحْتَجْنَا أَنْ نَعْلَمَ مَنِ الْأَرِيسِيُّونَ الْمَذْكُورُونَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ ، فَوَجَدْنَا أَبَا عُبَيْدٍ قَدْ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ الَّذِي سَمَّاهُ كِتَابَ الْأَمْوَالِ مِمَّا كَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَيَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يُحَدِّثُنِيهِ بِهِ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : هُمُ الْخَدَمُ وَالْخَوْلَةُ ، قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : كَأَنَّهُ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ إِثْمُهُمْ لِصَدِّهِ إِيَّاهُمْ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَلْكَتِهِ لَهُمْ وَرِيَاسَتِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ ، كَمِثْلِ مَا حَكَى اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَمَّنْ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ : { رَبَّنَا إِنَّا أَطَعْنَا سَادَتَنَا وَكُبَرَاءَنَا فَأَضَلُّونَا السَّبِيلا } ، وَكَمِثْلِ قَوْلِ سَحَرَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ لِفِرْعَوْنَ لَمَّا قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُجَّةُ لِمُوسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْآيَةِ الْمُعْجِزَةِ الَّتِي جَاءَهُمْ بِهَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ مِمَّا لَا يَجِيءُ مِنَ السِّحْرِ مِثْلُهُ { وَمَا أَكْرَهْتَنَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ السِّحْرِ } أَيِ : اسْتَعْمَلْتَنَا فِيهِ وَأَجْرَيْتَنَا عَلَيْهِ ، قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ : وَهَكَذَا يَقُولُ أَصْحَابُ الْحَدِيثِ ، يَعْنِي : مَا يَقُولُونَهُ مِنَ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ وَالصَّحِيحُ الْأَرِيسِينَ . قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : وَهَذَا عِنْدَنَا بِخِلَافِ مَا قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ ؛ لِأَنَّ مَا قَالَهُ أَصْحَابُ الْحَدِيثِ مِمَّا حَكَاهُ عَنْهُمْ هُوَ عَلَى نِسْبَتِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ إِلَى رَئِيسٍ لَهُمْ [5/232] يُقَالُ لَهُ أَرِيسٌ ، فَيُقَالُ فِي جَرِّهِ وَنَصْبِهِ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ ، وَيُقَالُ فِي رَفْعِهِ الْأَرِيسِيُّونَ ، كَمَا يُقَالُ لِلْقَوْمِ إِذَا كَانُوا مَنْسُوبِينَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ يَعْقُوبُ : الْيَعْقُوبِيِّينَ فِي نَصْبِ ذَلِكَ وَفِي جَرِّهِ وَتَقُولُ فِي رَفْعِهِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْيَعْقُوبِيُّونَ ، فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ وَالْأَرِيسِيُّونَ ، وَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ بِذَلِكَ الْجَمْعَ لِلْأَعْدَادِ لَا الْإِضَافَةَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ : يَعْقُوبُ قُلْتَ فِي الْجَرِّ وَالنَّصْبِ : الْيَعْقُوبِينَ ، وَقُلْتَ فِي الرَّفْعِ : الْيَعْقُوبُونَ ، فَبَانَ بِحَمْدِ اللهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْحَدِيثِ لَمْ يُخْطِئُوا فِيمَا ادَّعَى عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْخَطَأَ فِيهِ ، وَأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا مُحْتَمِلًا لِمَا قَالُوهُ وَاللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَعْلَمُ بِحَقِيقَةِ مَا قَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ . وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِهَذِهِ الْمَعَانِي أَنَّ فِي رَهْطِ هِرَقْلَ فِرْقَةً تُعْرَفُ بِالْأَرُوسِيَّةِ تُوَحِّدُ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَتَعْتَرِفُ بِعُبُودِيَّةِ الْمَسِيحِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَلَا تَقُولُ فِيهِ شَيْئًا مِمَّا تَقُولُهُ النَّصَارَى فِي رُبُوبِيَّتِهِ ، وَمِنْ بُنُوَّةٍ ، وَأَنَّهَا مُتَمَسِّكَةٌ بِدِينِ الْمَسِيحِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُؤْمِنَةٌ بِمَا فِي إِنْجِيلِهِ جَاحِدَةٌ لِمَا تَقُولُهُ النَّصَارَى سِوَى ذَلِكَ ، وَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ جَازَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِهَذِهِ الْفِرْقَةِ : الْأَرِيسِيُّونَ فِي الرَّفْعِ وَالْأَرِيسِيِّينَ فِي النَّصْبِ وَالْجَرِّ كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُ الْحَدِيثِ ، وَجَازَ بِذَلِكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْفِرْقَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ الَّذِي قَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي قَبْلَ هَذَا الْبَابِ مِنْ كِتَابِنَا هَذَا ، وَجَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَيْصَرُ كَانَ حِينَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَجَازَ بِذَلِكَ [5/233] إِذَا اتَّبَعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَدَخَلَ فِي دِينِهِ أَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُ اللهُ أَجْرَهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، وَجَازَ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْفِرْقَةُ عَلِمَتْ بِمَكَانِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبِدِينِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَهُ قَيْصَرُ ، فَلَمْ يَتَّبِعُوهُ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلُوا فِيهِ ، وَلَمْ يُقِرُّوا بِنُبُوَّتِهِ وَفِي كِتَابِ عِيسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَارَتُهُ بِهِ كَمَا قَدْ حَكَى اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { وَإِذْ قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ إِلَيْكُمْ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَمُبَشِّرًا بِرَسُولٍ يَأْتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي اسْمُهُ أَحْمَدُ } ، فَخَرَجُوا بِذَلِكَ مِنْ دِينِ عِيسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَنَّ عِيسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي يُؤْمَنُ بِهِ هُوَ عِيسَى الَّذِي بَشَّرَ بِأَحْمَدَ لَا عِيسَى سِوَاهُ . فَكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى قَيْصَرَ : إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ إِثْمُ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ مِلَّةِ عِيسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. فَقَالَ هَذَا الْقَائِلُ : وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ إِثْمُ غَيْرِهِ ؟ فَكَانَ جَوَابُنَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِتَوْفِيقِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَوْنِهِ : أَنَّ الْإِثْمَ الَّذِي يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ تَوَلَّى إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِثْلُ إِثْمِ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ لَا إِثْمُ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ بِعَيْنِهِ ، وَهَذَا كَمِثْلِ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ } ، لَيْسَ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ مِثْلُ نِصْفِ الْعَذَابِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ، فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ إِثْمُ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ : فَعَلَيْكَ مِثْلُ إِثْمِ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ ، فَقَالَ هَذَا الْقَائِلُ : فَقَدْ رَوَيْتَ لَنَا فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ كِتَابِكَ هَذَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى أَنْ يُسَافَرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ ، وَقَوْلُهُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنِّي [5/234] أَخَافُ أَنْ يَنَالَهُ الْعَدُوُّ ، وَفِيمَا رَوَيْتَهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابُهُ إِلَى قَيْصَرَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ مِمَّا يَقَعُ فِي يَدِهِ بَعْدَ وُصُولِ كِتَابِهِ إِلَيْهِ . فَكَانَ جَوَابُنَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِتَوْفِيقِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَوْنِهِ : أَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِخِلَافٍ لِنَهْيِهِ أَنْ يُسَافَرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ خَوْفَ أَنْ يَنَالَهُ الْعَدُوُّ ، وَإِنَّمَا هَذَا عَلَى السَّفَرِ بِبَعْضِهِ إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ وَمَا قَبْلَهُ عَلَى السَّفَرِ بِكُلِّهِ إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ ، فَتَصْحِيحُهَا إِبَاحَةُ السَّفَرِ بِالْأَحْرَازِ الَّتِي فِيهَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ مَا يَكُونُ فِي أَمْثَالِهَا وَالْكَرَاهَةُ لِلسَّفَرِ بِكُلِّيَّتِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ عَنْهُمْ عِنْدَ خَوْفِهِمْ عَلَيْهِ وَاللهَ نَسْأَلُهُ التَّوْفِيقَ .
EnglishUnverified translation
1980 - Ubayd ibn Rijal narrated to us, he said: Ahmad ibn Salih narrated to us, he said: Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us, he said: Mamar informed us, from al-Zuhri, then he mentioned with his chain the like of it. Abu Jafar said: So we needed to know who the Arisiyyun mentioned in these reports are. We found Abu Ubayd said in his book which he named the Book of Wealth, among what Ali ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote to me narrating it to me from him, he said: They are the servants and dependents. Abu Jafar said: As if he means that upon him will be their sin for barring them from Islam by his ownership over them and his leadership over them, like what Allah, mighty and majestic, related from those who will say on the Day of Resurrection: Our Lord, we obeyed our chiefs and our great ones, so they led us astray from the path. And like the statement of the magicians of Pharaoh to Pharaoh when the proof stood against them for Musa (peace be upon him) from the miraculous sign he brought them from Allah which no sorcery like it comes: And what you compelled us to of sorcery, meaning: you employed us in it and made us proceed upon it. Abu Ubayd said in this narration: And thus say the companions of hadith, meaning what they say of al-Arisiyyin, while the correct is al-Arisin. Abu Jafar said: And this in our view is contrary to what Abu Ubayd said; for what the companions of hadith said among what he related from them is upon relating them to a chief of theirs called Aris. So it is said in its genitive and accusative: al-Arisiyyin, and in its nominative: al-Arisiyyun, as is said of a people attributed to a man called Yaqub: al-Yaqubiyyin in its accusative and genitive, and you say in its nominative: These are al-Yaqubiyyun. Like that in what we mentioned is al-Arisiyyin and al-Arisiyyun. And when you intend thereby the plural of numbers, not attribution to a man called Yaqub, you say in genitive and accusative: al-Yaqubin, and in nominative: al-Yaqubun. So it became clear, by the praise of Allah and His favour, that the companions of hadith did not err in what Abu Ubayd claimed error against them in, and that they said what bears what they said. And Allah, mighty and majestic, knows best the truth of what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said in that. And some of the people of knowledge of these meanings mentioned that among the folk of Heraclius is a sect known as al-Arusiyyah, affirming the oneness of Allah, mighty and majestic, confessing the servitude of the Messiah (peace be upon him) to Him, mighty and majestic, saying nothing about him of what the Christians say of his lordship and sonship, holding to the religion of the Messiah (peace be upon him), believing in what is in his Gospel, denying what the Christians say besides that. If that is so, it is permitted to call this sect al-Arisiyyun in nominative and al-Arisiyyin in accusative and genitive, as the companions of hadith held. And thereby it is permitted that this sect be the one mentioned by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the hadith of Iyad ibn Himar which we narrated in the chapter before this chapter of this book of ours. And it is permitted that Caesar, when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote to him what he wrote to him, was upon the like of what it is upon. So thereby it is permitted that if he follows the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and enters his religion, Allah gives him his reward twice. And it is permitted that this sect knew of the place of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his religion before Caesar knew it, but they did not follow him nor enter into it, nor affirm his prophethood, though in the Book of Isa (peace be upon him) is his glad tidings of him, as Allah, mighty and majestic, related in His Book, His statement, mighty and majestic: And when Isa son of Maryam said: O Children of Israel, I am the Messenger of Allah to you, confirming what is before me of the Torah and bringing glad tidings of a messenger coming after me whose name is Ahmad. So they exited the religion of Isa (peace be upon him) thereby, for the Isa who is believed in is the Isa who gave glad tidings of Ahmad, not another Isa. So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote to Caesar: If you turn away, upon you is the sin of the Arisiyyin who exited the creed of Isa (peace be upon him). Then this questioner said: And how can upon him be the sin of another? So our answer to him in that, by the success of Allah, mighty and majestic, and His help, is: The sin upon him if he turns away is only the like of the sin of the Arisiyyin, not the very sin of the Arisiyyin. This is like His statement, mighty and majestic: When they are fortified, if they commit indecency, upon them is half of what is upon the fortified women of punishment. It is not that upon them is any of the punishment upon the fortified women, but the like of half the punishment upon the fortified women. Like that is his statement (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): If you turn away, upon you is the sin of the Arisiyyin; it is only in the meaning of his statement: Upon you is the like of the sin of the Arisiyyin. Then this questioner said: You narrated to us in what preceded of this book of yours that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade travelling with the Quran to the land of the enemy, and his statement with that: I fear the enemy will get hold of it; yet in what you narrated in this hadith is his writing to Caesar with something of the Quran which will fall into his hand after his letter reaches him. So our answer to him in that, by the success of Allah, mighty and majestic, and His help, is: This is not contrary to his forbidding travelling with the Quran to the land of the enemy fearing the enemy will get hold of it. Rather this is upon travelling with part of it to the enemy, and what is before it is upon travelling with all of it to the enemy. So their correction is the permissibility of travelling with amulets in which is of the Quran what is in their likes, and the dislike of travelling with its entirety to them, from them, when fearing for it. And from Allah we ask success.