أُسَيْرُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ثَنَاءُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ 928 - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْعَدَوِيُّ قَالَ : نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ : نَا عُمَرُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أُسَيْرِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ : لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - سَجَّوْهُ بِثَوْبٍ فَارْتَجَّتِ الْمَدِينَةُ بِالْبُكَاءِ ، وَدُهِشَ النَّاسُ كَيَوْمِ قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَجَاءَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مُسْرِعًا مُسْتَرْجِعًا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : الْيَوْمَ انْقَطَعَتْ خِلَافَةُ النُّبُوَّةِ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى بَابِ الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ : رَحِمَكَ اللهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كُنْتَ أَوَّلَ الْقَوْمِ إِسْلَامًا ، وَأَخْلَصَهُمْ إِيمَانًا ، وَأَشَدَّهُمْ يَقِينًا ، وَأَخْوَفَهُمْ لِلهِ ، وَأَعْظَمَهُمْ غَنَاءً ، وَأَحْوَطَهُمْ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ، وَأَحْدَبَهُمْ عَلَى [3/139] الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَآمَنَهُمْ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ ، وَأَحْسَنَهُمْ صُحْبَةً ، وَأَفْضَلَهُمْ مَنَاقِبَ ، وَأَكْثَرَهُمْ سَوَابِقَ ، وَأَرْفَعَهُمْ دَرَجَةً ، وَأَقْرَبَهُمْ مِنْ رَسُولِهِ ، وَأَشْبَهَهُمْ بِهِ هَدْيًا ، وَخُلُقًا وَسَمْتًا ، وَأَوْثَقَهُمْ عِنْدَهُ ، وَأَشْرَفَهُمْ مَنْزِلَةً ، وَأَكْرَمَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ ، فَجَزَاكَ اللهُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَعَنْ رَسُولِهِ ، وَعَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا ، صَدَّقْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ حِينَ كَذَّبَهُ النَّاسُ فَسَمَّاكَ فِي كِتَابِهِ صِدِّيقًا ، فَقَالَ : { وَالَّذِي جَاءَ بِالصِّدْقِ } مُحَمَّدٌ ، { وَصَدَّقَ بِهِ } أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَآسَيْتَهُ حِينَ بَخِلُوا ، وَقُمْتَ مَعَهُ حِينَ عَنْهُ قَعَدُوا ، وَصَحِبْتَهُ فِي الشِّدَّةِ أَكْرَمَ الصُّحْبَةِ ، وَالْمُنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّكِينَةُ رَفِيقُهُ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ وَمَوَاطِنِ الْكُرْبَةِ ، خَلَفْتَهُ فِي أُمَّتِهِ بِأَحْسَنِ الْخِلَافَةِ ، حِينَ ارْتَدَّ النَّاسُ ، وَقُمْتَ بِدِينِ اللهِ قِيَامًا لَمْ يَقُمْهُ خَلِيفَةُ نَبِيٍّ قَطُّ ، قَوَيْتَ حِينَ ضَعُفَ أَصْحَابُكَ ، وَنَهَضْتَ حِينَ وَهَنُوا ، وَلَزِمْتَ مَنَاهِجَ رَسُولِهِ بِرَغْمِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَغَيْظِ الْكَافِرِينَ ، وَقُمْتَ بِالْأَمْرِ حِينَ فَشَلُوا بِنُورِ اللهِ إِذْ وَقَفُوا كُنْتَ أَعْلَاهُمْ فَوْقًا وَأَقَلَّهُمْ كَلَامًا ، وَأَصْوَبَهُمْ مَنْطِقًا ، وَأَطْوَلَهُمْ صَمْتًا ، وَأَبْلَغَهُمْ قَوْلًا ، وَكُنْتَ أَكْبَرَهُمْ رَأْيًا ، وَأَشْجَعَهُمْ قَلْبًا ، وَأَشَدَّهُمْ يَقِينَّا ، وَأَحْسَنَهُمْ عَمَلًا ، وَأَعْرَفَهُمْ بِالْأُمُورِ . كُنْتَ لِلدِّينِ يَعْسُوبًا وَكُنْتَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَبًا رَحِيمًا إِذَا صَارُوا عَلَيْكَ عِيَالًا فَحَمَلْتَ أَثْقَالَ مَا عَنْهُ ضَعُفُوا ، وَحَفِظْتَ مَا أَضَاعُوا ، وَرَعَيْتَ مَا أَهْمَلُوا ، وَصَبَرْتَ إِذْ جَزَعُوا فَأَدْرَكْتَ آثَارَ مَا طَلَبُوا وَنَالُوا بِكَ مَا لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا ، كُنْتَ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا صَبًّا وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ غَيْثًا وَخَصْبًا فُطِرْتَ بِغِنَاهَا وَقِرْتَ بِحِمَاهَا وَذَهَبْتَ بِفَضَائِلِهَا وَأَحْرَزْتَ سَوَابِقَهَا لَمْ تَقْلُلْ حُجَّتُكَ ، وَلَمْ يَزِغْ قَلْبُكَ ، وَلَمْ تَضْعُفْ بَصِيرَتُكَ ، وَلَمْ تَجْبُنْ نَفْسُكَ . كُنْتَ كَالْجَبَلِ لَا تُحَرِّكُهُ الْعَوَاصِفُ ، وَلَا تُزِيلُهُ الْقَوَاصِفُ ، كُنْتَ كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : أَمَنَّ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ فِي صُحْبَتِكَ وَذَاتِ يَدِكَ وَكَمَا قَالَ : ضَعِيفًا فِي بَدَنِكَ قَوِيًّا فِي أَمْرِ اللهِ مُتَوَاضِعًا عَظِيمًا عِنْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ جَلِيلًا فِي [3/140] الْأَرْضِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ فِيكَ مَهْمَزٌ ، وَلَا لِقَائِلٍ فِيكَ مَغْمَزٌ ، وَلَا فِيكَ مَطْمَعٌ ، وَلَا عِنْدَكَ هَوَادَةٌ لِأَحَدٍ ، الضَّعِيفُ الذَّلِيلُ عِنْدَكَ قَوِيٌّ حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ لَهُ بِحَقِّهِ ، الْقَوِيُّ الْعَزِيزُ عِنْدَكَ ذَلِيلٌ ضَعِيفٌ حَتَّى يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ الْحَقُّ ، وَالْقَرِيبُ وَالْبَعِيدُ عِنْدَكَ فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءٌ . شَأْنُكَ الْحَقُّ وَالصِّدْقُ وَالرِّفْقُ قَوْلُكَ فَأَقْلَعْتَ وَقَدْ نُهِجَ السَّبِيلُ وَاعْتَدَلَ بِكَ الدِّينُ ، وَقَوِيَ الْإِيمَانُ وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ اللهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ . فَسَبَقْتَ وَاللهِ سَبْقًا بَعِيدًا وَأَتْعَبْتَ مَنْ بَعْدَكَ إِتْعَابًا شَدِيدًا وَفُزْتَ بِالْجَنَّةِ وَعَظُمَتْ رَزِيَّتُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ ، وَهَزَّتْ مُصِيبَتُكَ الْأَنَامَ فَإِنَّا لِلَّهَ ، وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ ، رَضِينَا عَنِ اللهِ قَضَاءَهُ وَسَلَّمْنَا لِلهِ أَمْرَهُ ، فَلَنْ يُصَابَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِمِثْلِكَ أَبَدًا كُنْتَ لِلدِّينِ عُدَّةً وَكَهْفًا ، وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ حِصْنًا وَفِئَةً وَأُنْسًا ، وَعَلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ غِلْظَةً وَغَيْظًا ، فَأَلْحَقَكَ اللهُ بِنَبِيِّكَ ، وَلَا حَرَمَنَا اللهُ أَجْرَكَ ، وَلَا أَضَلَّنَا بَعْدَكَ ، قَالَ : وَسَكَتَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى قَضَى كَلَامَهُ ثُمَّ بَكَى أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَقَالُوا : صَدَقْتَ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - .
EnglishUnverified translation
Usayr ibn Safwan from Ali — Ali's praise of Abu Bakr. 928 - Muhammad ibn Salih al-Adawi narrated to us, he said: Ahmad ibn Yazid narrated to us, he said: Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Hashimi narrated to us, from Abd al-Malik ibn Umayr, from Usayr ibn Safwan, the Companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), he said: When Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) died, they covered him with a cloth; Madinah shook with weeping, and people were stunned as on the day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was taken. Ali ibn Abi Talib came hastening, saying 'to Allah we belong,' repeating: Today the caliphate of prophethood has ended — until he stood at the door of the house in which Abu Bakr lay and said: May Allah have mercy on you, O Abu Bakr. You were the foremost of the people in Islam, the purest of them in faith, the strongest in certainty, the most fearful of Allah, the greatest in sufficiency, the most protective of His Messenger, the most devoted to Islam, the most trustworthy toward his companions, the best in companionship, the most excellent in virtues, the most abundant in precedence, the highest in rank, the nearest to his Messenger, the most resembling him in guidance, character and demeanour, the most firmly trusted by him, the noblest in station, the dearest to him. May Allah reward you on behalf of Islam, His Messenger and the Muslims with good. You believed the Messenger of Allah when people disbelieved him, so He named you in His Book 'Siddiq,' saying: {He who came with the truth} — Muhammad — {and believed in it} — Abu Bakr. You consoled him when they were miserly, stood with him when they sat back from him, accompanied him in hardship with the noblest companionship; the one upon whom tranquillity was sent down, his companion in the Hijrah and in places of distress. You succeeded him over his ummah with the finest succession when people apostatized; you upheld Allah's religion with an upholding no caliph of a prophet ever did. You were strong when his companions were weak, rose when they faltered, adhered to his Messenger's ways despite the hypocrites and to the rage of the disbelievers. You managed the affair when they failed, by Allah's light when they halted. You were the highest of them above, the fewest in speech, the soundest in words, the longest in silence, the most eloquent in speech. You were the greatest of them in judgment, the bravest in heart, the strongest in certainty, the best in deed, the most knowledgeable of affairs. You were to religion its leader, and to the believers a merciful father when they became dependents upon you — you bore the burdens they were too weak for, preserved what they neglected, tended what they disregarded, and were patient when they panicked. You attained the traces of what they sought, and through you they gained what they had not reckoned. You were upon the disbelievers a pouring torment, and to the Muslims rain and fertility. You were fashioned with its richness, dignified with its sanctuary, carried off its excellences and secured its precedences. Your proof never diminished, your heart never swerved, your insight never weakened, your soul never cowered. You were like the mountain which storms do not move and tempests do not remove. You were as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: The most gracious of people to him in companionship and wealth; and as he said: Weak in your body, strong in Allah's affair, humble, great among the Muslims, eminent on earth. None had in you a source of criticism, nor for any speaker a point of blame, nor in you any greed, nor with you any leniency toward anyone. The weak and lowly with you was strong until you took for him his right; the strong and mighty with you was lowly and weak until the right was taken from him; near and far were with you in that alike. Your concern was truth, honesty and gentleness. Your word — then you departed with the path laid out, religion straightened through you, faith strengthened, and Allah's command manifest though the disbelievers dislike it. By Allah, you raced far ahead and wearied those after you with severe weariness; you won Paradise. Your loss was great in heaven, and your calamity shook mankind. To Allah we belong and to Him we return. We are pleased with Allah's decree and submit to Allah's command. The Muslims will never after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) be afflicted with the like of you ever. You were to religion a support and cave, to the Muslims a fortress, refuge and comfort, and upon the hypocrites harshness and rage. May Allah join you to your Prophet, not deprive us of your reward, nor lead us astray after you. He said: People fell silent until he finished his speech, then the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wept and said: You spoke truth, O cousin of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
