[2/222] عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ 605 - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْمُؤَيَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ الْإِخْوَةِ ، وَأُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ الْفَاخِرِ - بِأَصْبَهَانَ - أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي الرَّجَاءِ الصَّيْرَفِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ - قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ - أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُقْرِئِ ، أَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْعَدَنِيُّ ، ثَنَا سَلِيمُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، ثَنَا ابْنُ خَيْثَمٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقَارِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : جَاءَ [2/223] عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ ، وَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهَا جُلُوسًا مَرْجِعَهُ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ لَيَالِيَ قُتِلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ : يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ شَدَّادٍ ، هَلْ أَنْتَ صَادِقِي عَمَّا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ ؟ تُحَدِّثُنِي عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ قَتَلَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ . قَالَ : وَمَا لِي لَا أَصْدُقُكِ ؟ قَالَتْ : فَحَدِّثْنِي عَنْ قِصَّتِهِمْ . قَالَ : فَإِنَّ عَلِيًّا لَمَّا كَاتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، وَحَكَمَ الْحَكَمَانِ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ فَنَزَلُوا أَرْضًا يُقَالُ لَهَا : حَرُورَاءُ مِنْ جَانِبِ الْكُوفَةِ ، وَإِنَّهُمْ عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ . وَقَالُوا : انْسَلَخْتَ مِنْ قَمِيصٍ أَلْبَسَكَهُ اللهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - وَاسْمٍ سَمَّاكَ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ ، ثُمَّ تَحَكَّمْتَ فِي دِينِ اللهِ تَعَالَى ، فَلَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلهِ ، فَلَمَّا أَنْ بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا -رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - مَا عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ ، وَفَارَقُوهُ فِيهِ ، أَمَرَ مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي : أَلَّا يَدْخُلَ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ قَدْ حَمَلَ الْقُرْآنَ ، فَلَمَّا امْتَلَأَتِ الدَّارُ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ دَعَا بِمُصْحَفٍ ، إِمَامًا عَظِيمًا ، فَوَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَطَفِقَ يَصُكُّهُ بِيَدِهِ ، وَيَقُولُ : أَيُّهَا الْمُصْحَفُ حَدِّثِ النَّاسَ ! فَنَادَاهُ النَّاسُ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، مَا تَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ ؟ ! إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِدَادٌ فِي وَرَقٍ ، وَنَحْنُ نَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا رُوِينَا مِنْهُ ، فَمَاذَا تُرِيدُ ؟ قَالَ : أَصْحَابُكُمُ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ كِتَابُ اللهِ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - يَقُولُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ : { وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا } فَأُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَعْظَمُ ذِمَّةً وَحُرْمَةً مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ ؟ ! وَنَقَمُوا عَلَيَّ أَنْ كَاتَبْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ : كَتَبْتُ [2/224] ( عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ) وَقَدْ جَاءَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، وَنَحْنُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ، حِينَ صَالَحَ النَّبِيُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قُرَيْشًا ، فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ . فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ : لَا تَكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَكَيْفَ نَكْتُبُ ؟ قَالَ : اكْتُبْ : بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : اكْتُبْ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ ، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ : لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ، لَمْ أُخَالِفْكَ ، فَكَتَبَ : مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ، وَاللهُ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ : { لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ } فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ ، فَمَشَى حَتَّى إِذَا تَوَسَّطْنَا عَسْكَرَهُمْ ، قَامَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا حَمَلَةَ الْقُرْآنِ هَذَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْرِفُهُ ، فَأَنَا أُعَرِّفُهُ إِيَّاهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - هَذَا مِمَّا أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ وَفِي قَوْمِهِ : { بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ } فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، وَلَا تُوَاضِعُوهُ كِتَابَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . قَالَ : فَقَامَ خُطَبَاؤُهُمْ فَقَالُوا : وَاللهِ لَنُوَاضِعَنَّهُ كِتَابَ اللهِ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِحَقٍّ نَعْرِفُهُ لَنَتَّبِعَنَّهُ ، وَإِنْ جَاءَ بِبَاطِلٍ لَنُبَكِّتَنَّهُ بِبَاطِلِهِ ، وَلَنَرُدَّنَّهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَوَاضَعُوا عَبْدَ اللهِ الْكِتَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ . فَرَجَعَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ كُلُّهُمْ تَائِبٌ ، فِيهِمُ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَهُمْ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ -رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - الْكُوفَةَ فَبَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى بَقِيَّتِهِمْ ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا وَأَمْرِ النَّاسِ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ ، فَقِفُوا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ ، حَتَّى تَجْتَمِعَ أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَتَدْخُلُوا مَعَهُمْ حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ . بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَنْ تَسْفِكُوا دَمًا حَرَامًا أَوْ تَقْطَعُوا سَبِيلًا أَوْ تَظْلِمُوا ذِمَّةً ، فَإِنْ [2/225] أَنْتُمْ فَعَلْتُمْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَدْ نَبَذْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ : { عَلَى سَوَاءٍ إِنَّ اللهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ } . فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَقَدْ قَتَلَهُمْ . قَالَ : فَوَاللهِ مَا قَتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى قَطَعُوا السَّبِيلَ وَسَفَكُوا الدِّمَاءَ ، وَانْتَهَكُوا الْكُوفَةَ . فَقَالَتْ : آللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ كَانَ ؟ قَالَ : آللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ كَانَ . فَقَالَتْ : مَا شَيْءٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَهُ يَقُولُونَ : ذُو الثُّدَيِّ ؟ فَقَالَ : قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ ، وَقُمْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ -رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - فِي الْقَتْلَى ، فَدَعَا النَّاسَ ، فَقَالَ : هَلْ تَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا ؟ فَمَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ جَاءَ يَقُولُ : رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ يُصَلِّي ، وَرَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ يُصَلِّي ، وَلَمْ يَأْتُوا فِيهِ بِثَبَتٍ يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ . قَالَتْ : فَمَا قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ حِينَ قَامَ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ ؟ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ . قَالَتْ : فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ لَا . قَالَتْ : أَجَلْ ، صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، يَرْحَمُ اللهُ عَلِيًّا ، إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ [2/226] لَا يَرَى شَيْئًا يُعْجِبُهُ إِلَّا قَالَ : صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ، فَيَذْهَبُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ فَيَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَيَزِيدُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ . رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بِطُولِهِ ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عِيسَى الطَّبَّاعِ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ . كذا في طبعة دار خضر ، تحقيق عبد الملك بن عبد الله بن دهيش ، والصواب:(يحيى بن سليم). كما في مصادر التخريج.
EnglishUnverified translation
Abdillah ibn Shaddad ibn al-Had, from Ali, peace be upon him: 605 - Abu Muslim al-Mu'ayyad ibn Abd al-Rahim ibn al-Ikhwah and Umm Habibah A'ishah bint Ma'mar ibn Abd al-Wahid ibn al-Fakhir informed us in Isfahan that Sa'id ibn Abi al-Raja al-Sayrafi informed them, it being read to him: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man told us, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Muqri told us, Ishaq ibn Ahmad ibn Nafi' al-Khuza'i told us, Abu Abdillah Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Abi Umar al-Adani narrated to us, Salim ibn Yahya narrated to us, Ibn Khaytham told us, from Ubaydullah ibn Iyad ibn Amr al-Qari that he said: Abdillah ibn Shaddad came and entered upon A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, while we were with her sitting, on his return from Iraq on the nights Ali ibn Abi Talib was killed. She said to him: O Abdillah ibn Shaddad, will you tell me truthfully what I ask you of? Tell me about those whom Ali killed. He said: Why should I not tell you truthfully? She said: Then narrate to me their story. He said: When Ali corresponded with Mu'awiyah and the two arbiters arbitrated, eight thousand of the reciters of the people went out against him and settled a land called Harura on the side of Kufah. They blamed him, saying: You stripped off a shirt Allah - Mighty and Majestic - clothed you with, and a name Allah the Exalted named you with; then you arbitrated in the religion of Allah the Exalted - there is no judgment but Allah's. When there reached Ali - may Allah be pleased with him - what they blamed him for and parted from him in, he commanded a caller to call: None shall enter upon the Commander of the Believers except a man who has carried the Qur'an. When the house filled with the reciters of the people, he called for a mushaf - a great imam - placed it before him, began striking it with his hand, saying: O mushaf, speak to the people! The people called to him: O Commander of the Believers, what do you want with the mushaf? It is but ink on paper; we speak of what it narrated and argue by what is in it. What do you want? He said: These people went out against obedience, parted the community, declared their imams disbelievers; is there anyone with them to speak of what Allah sent down for them? So people stood to him and said: We are all knowledgeable of tafsir; argue with us. Ali - may Allah be pleased with him - said: A servant of Allah will meet you - they hoped it a man of the people, for he had not entered with Ibn Abbas - so Ibn Abbas came and entered upon them, saying: Peace be upon you. They said: And upon you peace, O Ibn Abbas; what brought you while you have abandoned us? He said: I came from the Commander of the Believers and a people of the Muhajirun and Ansar, so I may tell you what they say and tell them what you say. They argued with him a while, then said: What do you blame upon the Commander of the Believers? He said: What do you blame upon him? They said: We blame three things upon him. They blamed him that he arbitrated men in the religion of Allah, though Allah says: Judgment is only Allah's; what is this, O Ibn Abbas? He said: By Allah, this is Muhammad - to him was revealed: If you judge between them, judge with justice; and: Allah and His Messenger shall judge. Would you go back from this? They said: Allahumma na'am (O Allah, yes). And they blamed him that he fought yet did not take captives nor spoils; if those he fought were disbelievers, their captives were lawful for us and their spoils lawful; and if they were believers, fighting them was not lawful for us. Would you go back from this? They said: Allahumma na'am. And they blamed him that he erased his name from Commander of the Believers; if he is not Commander of the Believers, he is Commander of the Disbelievers. Would you go back from this, O Ibn Abbas? He said: Do you know that on the day of al-Hudaybiyah, when Suhayl ibn Amr came to us while we were with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made treaty with Quraysh; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote: In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Suhayl said: Do not write: In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Then how shall we write? He said: Write: In Your name, O Allah. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Write: Muhammad, Messenger of Allah. Suhayl said: If I knew you are the Messenger of Allah, I would not oppose you. So he wrote: Muhammad ibn Abdillah. And Allah - Mighty and Majestic - says in His Book: You have in the Messenger of Allah a good example. So Ali ibn Abi Talib sent Ibn Abbas to them, and I went out with him; we walked until we were in the midst of their camp. Ibn al-Kawwa stood and addressed the people, saying: O bearers of the Qur'an, this is Abdillah ibn Abbas; whoever did not know him, I shall make him known from the Book of Allah - Mighty and Majestic: this is of what was revealed about him and his people: Nay, they are a contentious people. Return him to his companion, and do not give him the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. He said: Their preachers stood and said: By Allah, we shall surely give him the Book of Allah - Mighty and Majestic: if he comes with a truth we know, we shall follow him; if he comes with falsehood, we shall refute him with his falsehood and return him to his companion. So they gave Abdillah the Book for three days. Four thousand of them returned, all repentant - among them Ibn al-Kawwa - until he brought them in to Ali - may Allah be pleased with him - in Kufah. So Ali sent to the rest, saying: There was of our affair and the people's affair what you have seen; so stand where you wish until the ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gathers and you enter with them where you wish. Between us and you is that you shed no forbidden blood, cut no road, nor wrong a covenant; if you do that, we have cast to you: Upon equality; Allah does not love the treacherous. A'ishah said: So he killed them. He said: By Allah, he did not kill them until they cut the road, shed blood and violated Kufah. She said: By Allah besides whom there is no god, was it so? He said: By Allah besides whom there is no god, it was so. She said: What is something that reached me the people of Iraq narrate, saying: Dhu al-Thudayyah? He said: I saw him and stood over him with Ali - may Allah be pleased with him - among the slain. He called the people and said: Do you know this? How many came saying: I saw him in the mosque of Banu so-and-so praying, and I saw him in the mosque of Banu so-and-so praying; and they brought about him no established identification except that. She said: Then what was Ali's saying when he stood over him as the people of Iraq claim? He said: I heard him say: Allah and His Messenger spoke truth. She said: Did you hear from him that he said other than that? He said: O Allah, no. She said: Yes; Allah and His Messenger spoke truth. May Allah have mercy on Ali; it was of his speech that he would see nothing pleasing him except that he said: Allah and His Messenger spoke truth. So the people of Iraq go and lie upon him and add upon him in hadith. Imam Ahmad narrated it in full, from Ishaq ibn Isa al-Tabba', from Yahya ibn Sulaym, from Abdillah ibn Uthman ibn Khuthaym.
