سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ
Reading Adwa' al-Bayan by Muhammad al-Amin al-Shinqiti
Ayahs 31–40 of 176
إِن تَجْتَنِبُوا۟ كَبَآئِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنكُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُم مُّدْخَلًۭا كَرِيمًۭا
If you avoid the major sins which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser sins and admit you to a noble entrance [into Paradise].
Explained together with ayah 26
وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا۟ مَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ ۚ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌۭ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبُوا۟ ۖ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٌۭ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبْنَ ۚ وَسْـَٔلُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مِن فَضْلِهِۦٓ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمًۭا
And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned. And ask Allah of his bounty. Indeed Allah is ever, of all things, Knowing.
Explained together with ayah 26
وَلِكُلٍّۢ جَعَلْنَا مَوَٰلِىَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ ۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ شَهِيدًا
And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom your oaths have bound [to you] - give them their share. Indeed Allah is ever, over all things, a Witness.
قال المؤلف في (دفع إيهام الإضطراب عن آيات الكتاب):
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿والَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أيْمانُكم فَآتُوهم نَصِيبَهُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ.
هَذِهِ الآيَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلى إرْثِ الحُلَفاءِ مِن حُلَفائِهِمْ، وقَدْ جاءَتْ آيَةٌ أُخْرى تَدُلُّ عَلى خِلافِ ذَلِكَ وهي قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَأُولُو الأرْحامِ بَعْضُهم أوْلى بِبَعْضٍ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٧٥] .
والجَوابُ أنَّ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ ناسِخَةٌ لِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿والَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أيْمانُكُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ. ونَسْخُها لَها هو الحَقُّ خِلافًا لِأبِي حَنِيفَةَ ومَن وافَقَهُ في القَوْلِ بِإرْثِ الحُلَفاءِ اليَوْمَ إنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وارِثٌ.
وَقَدْ أجابَ بَعْضُهم بِأنَّ مَعْنى: ﴿فَآتُوهم نَصِيبَهُمْ﴾، أيْ مِنَ المُوالاةِ والنُّصْرَةِ، وعَلَيْهِ فَلا تَعارُضَ بَيْنَهُما، والعِلْمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ تَعالى.
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ ۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌۭ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّۭا كَبِيرًۭا
Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard. But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them. But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand.
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿واللّاتِي تَخافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ﴾ الآيَةَ، ذَكَرَ في هَذِهِ الآيَةِ الكَرِيمَةِ أنَّ النُّشُوزَ قَدْ يَحْصُلُ مِنَ النِّساءِ، ولَمْ يُبَيِّنْ هَلْ يَحْصُلُ مِنَ الرِّجالِ نُشُوزٌ أوْ لا ؟ ولَكِنَّهُ بَيَّنَ في مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أنَّ النُّشُوزَ أيْضًا قَدْ يَحْصُلُ مِنَ الرِّجالِ، وهو قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَإنِ امْرَأةٌ خافَتْ مِن بَعْلِها نُشُوزًا أوْ إعْراضًا﴾ الآيَةَ [النساء: ١٢٨]، وأصْلُ النُّشُوزِ في اللُّغَةِ الِارْتِفاعُ، فالمَرْأةُ النّاشِزُ كَأنَّها تَرْتَفِعُ عَنِ المَكانِ الَّذِي يُضاجِعُها فِيهِ زَوْجُها، وهو في اصْطِلاحِ الفُقَهاءِ الخُرُوجُ عَنْ طاعَةِ الزَّوْجِ، وكَأنَّ نُشُوزَ الرَّجُلِ ارْتِفاعُهُ أيْضًا عَنِ المَحَلِّ الَّذِي فِيهِ الزَّوْجَةُ وتَرْكُهُ مُضاجَعَتَها، والعِلْمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ تَعالى.
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَٱبْعَثُوا۟ حَكَمًۭا مِّنْ أَهْلِهِۦ وَحَكَمًۭا مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصْلَٰحًۭا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَآ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًۭا
And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will cause it between them. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Acquainted [with all things].
Explained together with ayah 34
۞ وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا۟ بِهِۦ شَيْـًۭٔا ۖ وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَٰنًۭا وَبِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلْجَارِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْجَارِ ٱلْجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلْجَنۢبِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًۭا فَخُورًا
Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side, the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allah does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful.
Explained together with ayah 34
ٱلَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلْبُخْلِ وَيَكْتُمُونَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِۦ ۗ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًۭا مُّهِينًۭا
Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allah has given them of His bounty - and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment -
Explained together with ayah 34
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ رِئَآءَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَلَا بِٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ ۗ وَمَن يَكُنِ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ لَهُۥ قَرِينًۭا فَسَآءَ قَرِينًۭا
And [also] those who spend of their wealth to be seen by the people and believe not in Allah nor in the Last Day. And he to whom Satan is a companion - then evil is he as a companion.
Explained together with ayah 34
وَمَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ وَأَنفَقُوا۟ مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا
And what [harm would come] upon them if they believed in Allah and the Last Day and spent out of what Allah provided for them? And Allah is ever, about them, Knowing.
Explained together with ayah 34
إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ ۖ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةًۭ يُضَٰعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِن لَّدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًۭا
Indeed, Allah does not do injustice, [even] as much as an atom's weight; while if there is a good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَإنْ تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضاعِفْها﴾ الآيَةَ، لَمْ يُبَيِّنْ في هَذِهِ الآيَةِ الكَرِيمَةِ أقَلَّ ما تُضاعَفُ بِهِ الحَسَنَةُ ولا أكْثَرَهُ ولَكِنَّهُ بَيَّنَ في مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أنَّ أقَلَّ ما تُضاعَفُ بِهِ عَشْرُ أمْثالِها، وهو قَوْلُهُ: ﴿مَن جاءَ بِالحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أمْثالِها﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٠] .
وَبَيَّنَ في مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أنَّ المُضاعَفَةَ رُبَّما بَلَغَتْ سَبْعَمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ إلى ما شاءَ اللَّهُ، وهو قَوْلُهُ: ﴿مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أمْوالَهم في سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أنْبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنابِلَ﴾ الآيَةَ [البقرة: ٢٦١] كَما تَقَدَّمَ.
Commentary: Adwa' al-Bayan by Muhammad al-Amin al-Shinqiti. Qur'an text and translation via AlQuran Cloud.
